Tables show values of standard entropy (1013.25hPa, 298K) of various chemical substances.

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liquids#

Substance	Molecular formula	Standard entropy S⁰
acetone	(CH₃)₂CO	294.65
glycerin	C₃H₅(OH)₃	206
ethanol	C₂H₅OH	282.32
water 25°C	H₂O	69.96
cyclohexane	C₆H₁₂	297.95
methanol	CH₃OH	218.57
ethylene glycol	C₂H₄(OH)₂	166.9
phenol	C₆H₅OH	315.3
formic acid	HCOOH	248.5
lactic acid	CH₃CH(OH)COOH	192
acetate acid	CH₃COOH	282.23
propionic acid	CH₃CH₂COOH	191
benzaldehyde	C₆H₅COH	221.2
methylamine	CH₃NH₂	242.36
phenylamine (aniline)	C₆H₅NH₂	191.6
benzene	C₆H₆	268.94
toluene	C₆H₅CH₃	320.26
orthoxylene	C₆H₄(CH₃)₂	244
metaxylene	C₆H₄(CH₃)₂	252
paraxylene	C₆H₄(CH₃)₂	253
chlorobenzene	C₆H₅Cl	194.1
bromobenzene	C₆H₅Br	207.9
pyridine	C₅H₅N	179
diethyl ethere	(C₂H₅)₂O	253.5
nitromethane	CH₃NO₂	172
nitrobenzene	C₆H₅NO₂	224
ethyl acetate	CH₃COOC₂H₅	362.41
styrene	C₆H₅CHCH₂	344.77
n-pentane	C₅H₁₂	348.61
acetaldehyde	CH₃CHO	263.97
n-octane	C₈H₁₈	360
butter acid	CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH	225.3
pyrrole	C₄H₅N	156.4
acetonitrile	C₂H₃N	100.4
acetylacetone	C₅H₈O₂	261.4
benzyl alcohol	C₇H₈O	216.7
benzonitrile	C₇H₅N	134.4
acetic anhydride	C₄H₆O₃	268.2
bromoethane	C₂H₅Br	194.9
methyl methacrylate	C₅H₈O₂	265
N-methylaniline	C₇H₉N	224.3
methyl formate	C₂H₄O₂	189.6

alcohols#

Substance	Molecular formula	Standard entropy S⁰
ethanol	C₂H₅OH	282.32
methanol	CH₃OH	218.57
ethylene glycol	C₂H₄(OH)₂	166.9
benzyl alcohol	C₇H₈O	216.7

other inorganic#

Substance	Molecular formula	Standard entropy S⁰
ammonia	NH₃	192.41
rhombic sulfur	S₈	32.05
urea (carbonyl diamide)	CO(NH₂)₂	104.6

gases#

Substance	Molecular formula	Standard entropy S⁰
ammonia	NH₃	192.41
methane	CH₄	186.26
nitrogen	N₂	191.32
carbon dioxide	CO₂	213.47
hydrogen chloride	HCl	186.6
hydrogen cyanide	HCN	201.52
hydrogen fluoride	HF	173.51
hydrogen sulfuride	H₂S	205.57
ethylamine	C₂H₅NH₂	284.57
ethane	C₂H₆	229.27
propane	C₃H₈	269.65
n-buthane	C₄H₁₀	309.82
ethene (ethylene)	C₂H₄	219.24
ethyne	C₂H₂	200.64
chloromethane	CH₃Cl	234.25
formaldehyde (methanal)	HCHO	218.57
nitrogen (II) oxide	NO	210.46
nitrogen (IV) oxide	NO₂	239.72
sulfur (IV) oxide	SO₂	247.87
sulfur (VI) oxide	SO₃	255.77
chlorine	Cl₂	222.75
hydrogen	H₂	130.46
oxygen	O₂	204.82
steam	H₂O	188.56
prophene	C₃H₆	266.68
vinyl chloride (chloroethene)	CH₂CHCl	263.93
fluorine	F₂	202.52
bromochlorofluoroiodomethane	CBrCIFI	353.4
bromomethane	CH₃Br	246
1,3-butadien	C₄H₆	278.7
chloroethane	C₂H₅Cl	275.7
methanethiol	CH₄S	255.2

hydrocarbons#

Substance	Molecular formula	Standard entropy S⁰
methane	CH₄	186.26
cyclohexane	C₆H₁₂	297.95
ethane	C₂H₆	229.27
propane	C₃H₈	269.65
n-buthane	C₄H₁₀	309.82
ethene (ethylene)	C₂H₄	219.24
ethyne	C₂H₂	200.64
benzene	C₆H₆	268.94
toluene	C₆H₅CH₃	320.26
orthoxylene	C₆H₄(CH₃)₂	244
metaxylene	C₆H₄(CH₃)₂	252
paraxylene	C₆H₄(CH₃)₂	253
styrene	C₆H₅CHCH₂	344.77
prophene	C₃H₆	266.68
n-pentane	C₅H₁₂	348.61
n-octane	C₈H₁₈	360
naphthalene	C₁₀H₈	167
antracene	C₁₄H₁₀	207.5
1,3-butadien	C₄H₆	278.7

oxides#

Substance	Molecular formula	Standard entropy S⁰
carbon dioxide	CO₂	213.47
carbon monoxide	CO	197.71
nitrogen (II) oxide	NO	210.46
nitrogen (IV) oxide	NO₂	239.72
sulfur (IV) oxide	SO₂	247.87
sulfur (VI) oxide	SO₃	255.77
iron (II) oxide	FeO	56.1
iron (II) iron (III) oxide	Fe₃O	146.4
iron (III) oxide	Fe₂O₃	90
aluminium oxide	Al₂O₃	51
calcium oxide	CaO	39.7

inorganic acids#

Substance	Molecular formula	Standard entropy S⁰
hydrogen chloride	HCl	186.6
hydrogen cyanide	HCN	201.52
hydrogen fluoride	HF	173.51
hydrogen sulfuride	H₂S	205.57
sulfurous (VI) acid	H₂SO₄	156.71

phenols#

Substance	Molecular formula	Standard entropy S⁰
phenol	C₆H₅OH	315.3

carboxylic acids#

Substance	Molecular formula	Standard entropy S⁰
formic acid	HCOOH	248.5
lactic acid	CH₃CH(OH)COOH	192
oxalic acid	(COOH)₂	115.6
acetate acid	CH₃COOH	282.23
propionic acid	CH₃CH₂COOH	191
salicylic acid	OHC₆H₄COOH	178.3
benzoic acid	C₆H₅COOH	167.6
butter acid	CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH	225.3
palmitic acid	C₁₅H₃₁COOH	452.4
stearic acid	C₁₇H₃₅COOH	436
succinic acid	HOOC(CH₂)₂COOH	167.3
fumaric acid	HOOCCHCHCOOH	168
maleic acid	HOOCCHCHCOOH	160.8
phthalic acid	C₆H₄(COOH)₂	207.9

solids#

Substance	Molecular formula	Standard entropy S⁰
oxalic acid	(COOH)₂	115.6
salicylic acid	OHC₆H₄COOH	178.3
benzoic acid	C₆H₅COOH	167.6
naphthalene	C₁₀H₈	167
antracene	C₁₄H₁₀	207.5
palmitic acid	C₁₅H₃₁COOH	452.4
stearic acid	C₁₇H₃₅COOH	436
succinic acid	HOOC(CH₂)₂COOH	167.3
fumaric acid	HOOCCHCHCOOH	168
maleic acid	HOOCCHCHCOOH	160.8
phthalic acid	C₆H₄(COOH)₂	207.9
urea (carbonyl diamide)	CO(NH₂)₂	104.6
acetamide	CH₃CONH₂	115
ß-D-glucose	C₆H₁₂O₆	212.1
saccharose	C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁	360
phthalic anhydride	C₈H₄O₃	179.5
biphenyl	C₁₂H₁₀	206
glycine	C₂H₅NO₂	109.2
citric acid	C₆H₈O₇	252.1
sodium acetate	C₂H₃O₂Na	123

other organic#

Substance	Molecular formula	Standard entropy S⁰
benzaldehyde	C₆H₅COH	221.2
chloromethane	CH₃Cl	234.25
chlorobenzene	C₆H₅Cl	194.1
bromobenzene	C₆H₅Br	207.9
pyridine	C₅H₅N	179
diethyl ethere	(C₂H₅)₂O	253.5
formaldehyde (methanal)	HCHO	218.57
nitromethane	CH₃NO₂	172
nitrobenzene	C₆H₅NO₂	224
vinyl chloride (chloroethene)	CH₂CHCl	263.93
acetaldehyde	CH₃CHO	263.97
pyrrole	C₄H₅N	156.4
acetamide	CH₃CONH₂	115
ß-D-glucose	C₆H₁₂O₆	212.1
saccharose	C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁	360
acetonitrile	C₂H₃N	100.4
acetylacetone	C₅H₈O₂	261.4
benzonitrile	C₇H₅N	134.4
phthalic anhydride	C₈H₄O₃	179.5
acetic anhydride	C₄H₆O₃	268.2
biphenyl	C₁₂H₁₀	206
bromochlorofluoroiodomethane	CBrCIFI	353.4
bromoethane	C₂H₅Br	194.9
bromomethane	CH₃Br	246
chloroethane	C₂H₅Cl	275.7
glycine	C₂H₅NO₂	109.2
citric acid	C₆H₈O₇	252.1
methyl methacrylate	C₅H₈O₂	265
methanethiol	CH₄S	255.2
N-methylaniline	C₇H₉N	224.3

amines#

Substance	Molecular formula	Standard entropy S⁰
methylamine	CH₃NH₂	242.36
ethylamine	C₂H₅NH₂	284.57
phenylamine (aniline)	C₆H₅NH₂	191.6

esters#

Substance	Molecular formula	Standard entropy S⁰
ethyl acetate	CH₃COOC₂H₅	362.41
methyl formate	C₂H₄O₂	189.6

halogens#

Substance	Molecular formula	Standard entropy S⁰
chlorine	Cl₂	222.75
fluorine	F₂	202.52

other materials#

Substance	Molecular formula	Standard entropy S⁰
graphite	C	5.68

salts#

Substance	Molecular formula	Standard entropy S⁰
sodium acetate	C₂H₃O₂Na	123

Some facts#

Entropy is a measure of disorder.
Statistical thermodynamics defines the entropy of a system in the following way:

$S = k\ ln(W)$
where:
- k - Boltzman's constant,
- W - the number of ways in which the macroscopic thermodynamic state of the system can be realized through microscopic states.
Entropy is a dimensionless quantity.
Standard entropy of the substance refers to so-called standard conditions i.e. pressure 1013.25 hPa and temperature 25 °C.
Basing on the the standard entropies of all substrates and products, it is possible to determine the entropy of chemical reaction:

$\Delta S = S_{prod.} - S_{subst.} = \sum {n_{prod., i} S_{prod., i}} - \sum {n_{subst., i} S_{subst., i}}$
where:
- $\Delta S$ - entropy of chemical reaction,
- $S_{prod.}$ - entropy of products,
- $S_{subst.}$ - entropy of substrates,
- $n_{prod., i}$ - the stoichiometric factor of the i-th product resulting from the reaction equation,
- $n_{subst., i}$ - the stoichiometric ratio of the i-th substrate resulting from the reaction equation,
- $S_{prod., i}$ - entropy of i-th product,
- $S_{subst., i}$ - entropy of i-th substract.

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