Amount of substance units

mole↔millimole↔micromole↔number of particles↔Avogadro constant↔etc.

Converts amount of substance from one unit to another e.g. from millimoles (mmol) to number of particles (atoms or molecules depending on substance) or vice versa.

Application of radioisotopes

isotopes↔radioactivity↔medicine↔carbon dating c14↔smoke sensor↔etc.

Table shows example usage of selected radioisotopes.

Avogadro's law

perfect gas↔n=V/Vm#8596;pressure↔volume↔molar volume

Calculations related to Avogadro's law. Enter known values (e.g. volume or number of moles) and select which value you want to find out (e.g. molar volume) and we'll show you step-by-step how to transform basic formula and reach your result in desired units.

Basic physical and chemical constants

elementary charge↔speed of light↔Planck's constant↔vacuum permittivity↔etc.

Table shows common constants used in physics and chemistry.

Boiling point

boiling↔liquefaction↔temperature↔liquid-gas change↔etc.

Tables show boiling points of various chemical substances. You see name and chemical formula next to temperature converted to the unit of your choice (Celsius deegres, kelvins, Fehrenheits degrees etc.)

Boiling point calculator

pressure↔temperature↔enthalpy of vaporization↔Clausius-Clapeyron's equation

Calculator finds out boiling point under selected pressure using Clausius-Clapeyron's equation and reference data for given substance. For example, you can find out what is water's boiling point in high mountains, where the pressure is lower.

Bond energy

chemical bond↔energy↔kJ/mol↔bond strength↔etc.

Table shows energy of common chemical bonds in selected unit (kJ/mol, atomic units, eV etc.).

Bond lengths in molecules

molecules↔geometry↔chemical bonds↔pikometry↔nanometry↔angstrems↔etc.

Tables show length of chemical bonds in selected molecules.

Clapeyron's equation

perfect gas↔pv=nRT#8596;pressure↔volume↔temperature

Calculations related to Clapeyron's equation known also as ideal gas law. Enter known values (e.g. pressure and temperature) and select which value you want to find out (e.g. volume) and we'll show you step-by-step how to transform basic formula and reach your result in desired units.

Concentration of saturated solution

solubility↔mass of substance↔percentage concentration↔molar concentration↔saturated solution

Calculations finds out concentration (percentage or molar) of saturated solution based on substance solubility or vice versa.

Cooling mixtures

ammonium chloride↔sodium nitrate (III)↔amonium thiocyanate↔sodium acetate↔ammonium chloride↔dry ice↔liquid nitrogen↔etc.

Table shows composition (including mass ratio) of common cooling mixtures i.e. mixtures used to achieve low temperatures.

Critical pressure

p_C↔supercritical state↔triple point↔phase balance↔etc.

Tables show values of critical pressures specified for various chemical substances.

Critical temperature

T_C↔liquefaction↔density difference↔supercritical state↔etc.

Table shows critical temperatures of various chemical substances.

Cryoscopic and ebullioscopic constants

Kb↔Kf↔boiling point elevation↔freezing point depression↔

Table shows cryoscopic and ebullioscopic constant of selected substances.

Crystal lattice energy

crystal↔solid stade↔lattice energy↔kJ/mol↔Einstein's solid↔etc.

Table shows lattice crystal energy in kJ/mol for selected ion compounds.

Table shows density of selected gases, solids and liquids.

Density units

49 density units
kilogrames per cubic meter↔grams per liter↔imperial↔metric↔earth density etc.

Density units converter - converts units between kilograms per cubic meter, grams per liter, ounces per galon etc. Both metric and imperial (US and UK) units are included. Also, you will find more exotic units here, such as multiplicity of Earth density or femtograms per liter.

Dimensionless quantities units

percent↔permile↔basis point↔ppm↔uno↔etc.

Converts dimensionless quantity units such as percent, permile, ppm (parts per million) mU (miliuno) etc.

Dipole moment of substances

chemical polarity↔water↔tetrachlorometan↔polar substances↔non-polar substances↔etc.

Table shows values of electric dipole moment of various chemical substances given in any unit you prefer such as debyes, coulomb times meter, atomic units of dipole moment etc.

Dipole moment units

15 dipole moment units↔coulomb times meter↔debye↔atomic unit of dipole moment↔etc.

Converts dipole moment from one unit to another e.g. from debyes to atomic units or vice versa.

Dissociation constants of substances

dissociation↔equilibrium constant↔K1↔K2↔K3↔etc.

Table shows dissociation constants of selected chemical substances in temperature 298K (25°C).

Electrode overpotential

electrochemistry↔electrodes↔polarization↔Nernst's equation↔etc.

Table shows overpotential values on selected electrodes.

Electron affinity

gaseos state of elements↔atomic properties↔electron addition↔negative ion↔eV↔kJ/mol↔etc.

Table shows electron affinity (i.e. the amount of energy released when an electron is added to atom) for most of chemical elements.

Electron configuration

electrons↔orbitals↔quantum numbers↔1s↔2s↔2p↔3s↔3p↔3d↔etc.

Table shows electron configuration of chemical elements in groundstate.

Elementary particles

proton↔neutron↔electron↔mesons↔bozons↔leptons↔quarks↔neutrino↔etc.

Table shows basic properties of elementary particles.

Enthalpy of vaporization

heat↔enthalpy↔evaporation↔kJ/mol

Tables show (latent) heat of vaporization of various chemical substances under normal conditions (1013,25 hPa, 25 °C).

Flame test

flame color↔qualitative analysis↔red-cherry↔yellow-orange↔mauve↔etc.

Table shows flame colors specific to given chemical elements such as yellow-orange for sodium (Na), red-cherry for lithium (Li) etc.

Galvanic series

electropotential series↔oxidation↔reduction↔standard electrode↔nobility of metals↔etc.

Table shows electrochemical potential of selected elements i.e. so-called galvanic series.

Ionization energy

atomic properties↔kJ/mol↔HOMO↔LUMO↔atomic orbitals↔valence electrons↔etc.

Table shows ionization energy of chemical elements given in kJ/mol.

Melting point

freezing↔melting↔temperature↔solid-liquid change↔etc.

Tables show melting points of various chemical substances. You see name and chemical formula next to temperature converted to the unit of your choice (Celsius deegres, kelvins, Fehrenheits degrees etc.)

Molar mass

M↔g/mol↔molecule weight↔mole of substance

Tables show molar mass of various chemical compounds.

Molar to percentage concentration

solution concentration↔density↔molar mass↔conversion

This calculator converts molar concentration to percentage or vice versa.

Molar volume of gases

V0↔22.4 dm³↔perfect gas↔real gas

Tables display the volume that one mole of the selected gas occupies.

Permittivity of substances

relative permittivity ε↔liquids↔gases↔solvents↔etc.

Tables show relative permittivity (to vacuum) of various substances (solvents).

Solubility equilibrium of substances

dynamic equilibrium↔dissociation↔solubility↔precipitation↔etc.

Table shows solubility equilibriums of selected substances, mainly sparingly soluble salts and hydroxides.

Solubility of substances

solubility↔g/100g of water↔temperature↔°C↔gases↔liquids↔salts↔etc.

Table shows solubility of various substances under different temperature given in grams of dissoluted substance per 100g of water.

Solution color

water solutions↔blue Cu²⁺↔purple MNO₄^-↔etc.

Table shows solutions color characteristic to given ions (cations or anions) such as Cu²⁺ (blue) or MNO₄^- (purple).

Solutions density by concentration

density↔concentration↔solution↔g/cm3↔etc.

Tables show density of chosen water solutions depending on concentration of dissolved substance at 20 °C.

Stable isotopics

stable isotopes↔atomic number↔mass number↔chemical elements↔etc.

Table shows isotopic composition of chemical elements occurring permanently in nature. Isotopes obtained artificially are not presented here.

Standard enthalpy of creation

ΔH0↔standard conditions↔1013.25 hPa↔298K

Tables show values of standard (1013.25 hPa, 298K) enthalpy of creation (from free elements) of various chemical compounds.

Standard entropy

S0↔standard conditions↔1013.25hPa↔298K

Tables show values of standard entropy (1013.25hPa, 298K) of various chemical substances.

Standard free enthalpy of creation

ΔG0↔standard conditions↔1013.25 hPa↔298K

Tables show values of standard (1013.25 hPa, 298K) free enthalpy of creation (from free elements) of various chemical compounds.

Standard half-cell potentials

half-cell↔SEM↔E0↔galvanic cell↔cathode↔anode↔hydrogen electrode↔etc.

Table shows standard potentials of common half-cells at 25 °C.

Triple point

phase diagram↔temperature↔pressure↔gas-liquid-solid equilibrium

Tables show triple points (temperature and pressure) of selected substances i.e. conditions when all three phases (liquid, solid and gas) coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Volume-substance-mass

volume to mass↔mass to volume↔converter

Convert volume to mass and vice versa. Using this calculator you can check what is the weight of a glass of water or what volume does kilogram of feathers occupy. Use the one of predefined substances (water, steal, wood etc.) or enter custom density in any unit (kg/m3, g/cm3, mg/l etc.)

Water density

water↔density↔kg/m³↔temperature↔degrees Celsius↔normal pressure↔1013,25 hPa

Table shows how density of water depends on temperature. Data were measured under so-called normal pressure i.e. 1013,25 hPa.