Beta version#
BETA TEST VERSION OF THIS ITEM
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This online calculator is currently under heavy development. It may or it may NOT work correctly.
You CAN try to use it. You CAN even get the proper results.
However, please VERIFY all results on your own, as the level of completion of this item is NOT CONFIRMED.
Feel free to send any ideas and comments !
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liquids#
Substance | Molecular formula | Standard entropy S0 |
acetone | (CH3)2CO | 294.65 |
glycerin | C3H5(OH)3 | 206 |
ethanol | C2H5OH | 282.32 |
water 25°C | H2O | 69.96 |
cyclohexane | C6H12 | 297.95 |
methanol | CH3OH | 218.57 |
ethylene glycol | C2H4(OH)2 | 166.9 |
phenol | C6H5OH | 315.3 |
formic acid | HCOOH | 248.5 |
lactic acid | CH3CH(OH)COOH | 192 |
acetate acid | CH3COOH | 282.23 |
propionic acid | CH3CH2COOH | 191 |
benzaldehyde | C6H5COH | 221.2 |
methylamine | CH3NH2 | 242.36 |
phenylamine (aniline) | C6H5NH2 | 191.6 |
benzene | C6H6 | 268.94 |
toluene | C6H5CH3 | 320.26 |
orthoxylene | C6H4(CH3)2 | 244 |
metaxylene | C6H4(CH3)2 | 252 |
paraxylene | C6H4(CH3)2 | 253 |
chlorobenzene | C6H5Cl | 194.1 |
bromobenzene | C6H5Br | 207.9 |
pyridine | C5H5N | 179 |
diethyl ethere | (C2H5)2O | 253.5 |
nitromethane | CH3NO2 | 172 |
nitrobenzene | C6H5NO2 | 224 |
ethyl acetate | CH3COOC2H5 | 362.41 |
styrene | C6H5CHCH2 | 344.77 |
n-pentane | C5H12 | 348.61 |
acetaldehyde | CH3CHO | 263.97 |
n-octane | C8H18 | 360 |
butter acid | CH3CH2CH2COOH | 225.3 |
pyrrole | C4H5N | 156.4 |
acetonitrile | C2H3N | 100.4 |
acetylacetone | C5H8O2 | 261.4 |
benzyl alcohol | C7H8O | 216.7 |
benzonitrile | C7H5N | 134.4 |
acetic anhydride | C4H6O3 | 268.2 |
bromoethane | C2H5Br | 194.9 |
methyl methacrylate | C5H8O2 | 265 |
N-methylaniline | C7H9N | 224.3 |
methyl formate | C2H4O2 | 189.6 |
alcohols#
Substance | Molecular formula | Standard entropy S0 |
ethanol | C2H5OH | 282.32 |
methanol | CH3OH | 218.57 |
ethylene glycol | C2H4(OH)2 | 166.9 |
benzyl alcohol | C7H8O | 216.7 |
other inorganic#
Substance | Molecular formula | Standard entropy S0 |
ammonia | NH3 | 192.41 |
rhombic sulfur | S8 | 32.05 |
urea (carbonyl diamide) | CO(NH2)2 | 104.6 |
gases#
Substance | Molecular formula | Standard entropy S0 |
ammonia | NH3 | 192.41 |
methane | CH4 | 186.26 |
nitrogen | N2 | 191.32 |
carbon dioxide | CO2 | 213.47 |
hydrogen chloride | HCl | 186.6 |
hydrogen cyanide | HCN | 201.52 |
hydrogen fluoride | HF | 173.51 |
hydrogen sulfuride | H2S | 205.57 |
ethylamine | C2H5NH2 | 284.57 |
ethane | C2H6 | 229.27 |
propane | C3H8 | 269.65 |
n-buthane | C4H10 | 309.82 |
ethene (ethylene) | C2H4 | 219.24 |
ethyne | C2H2 | 200.64 |
chloromethane | CH3Cl | 234.25 |
formaldehyde (methanal) | HCHO | 218.57 |
nitrogen (II) oxide | NO | 210.46 |
nitrogen (IV) oxide | NO2 | 239.72 |
sulfur (IV) oxide | SO2 | 247.87 |
sulfur (VI) oxide | SO3 | 255.77 |
chlorine | Cl2 | 222.75 |
hydrogen | H2 | 130.46 |
oxygen | O2 | 204.82 |
steam | H2O | 188.56 |
prophene | C3H6 | 266.68 |
vinyl chloride (chloroethene) | CH2CHCl | 263.93 |
fluorine | F2 | 202.52 |
bromochlorofluoroiodomethane | CBrCIFI | 353.4 |
bromomethane | CH3Br | 246 |
1,3-butadien | C4H6 | 278.7 |
chloroethane | C2H5Cl | 275.7 |
methanethiol | CH4S | 255.2 |
hydrocarbons#
Substance | Molecular formula | Standard entropy S0 |
methane | CH4 | 186.26 |
cyclohexane | C6H12 | 297.95 |
ethane | C2H6 | 229.27 |
propane | C3H8 | 269.65 |
n-buthane | C4H10 | 309.82 |
ethene (ethylene) | C2H4 | 219.24 |
ethyne | C2H2 | 200.64 |
benzene | C6H6 | 268.94 |
toluene | C6H5CH3 | 320.26 |
orthoxylene | C6H4(CH3)2 | 244 |
metaxylene | C6H4(CH3)2 | 252 |
paraxylene | C6H4(CH3)2 | 253 |
styrene | C6H5CHCH2 | 344.77 |
prophene | C3H6 | 266.68 |
n-pentane | C5H12 | 348.61 |
n-octane | C8H18 | 360 |
naphthalene | C10H8 | 167 |
antracene | C14H10 | 207.5 |
1,3-butadien | C4H6 | 278.7 |
oxides#
Substance | Molecular formula | Standard entropy S0 |
carbon dioxide | CO2 | 213.47 |
carbon monoxide | CO | 197.71 |
nitrogen (II) oxide | NO | 210.46 |
nitrogen (IV) oxide | NO2 | 239.72 |
sulfur (IV) oxide | SO2 | 247.87 |
sulfur (VI) oxide | SO3 | 255.77 |
iron (II) oxide | FeO | 56.1 |
iron (II) iron (III) oxide | Fe3O | 146.4 |
iron (III) oxide | Fe2O3 | 90 |
aluminium oxide | Al2O3 | 51 |
calcium oxide | CaO | 39.7 |
inorganic acids#
Substance | Molecular formula | Standard entropy S0 |
hydrogen chloride | HCl | 186.6 |
hydrogen cyanide | HCN | 201.52 |
hydrogen fluoride | HF | 173.51 |
hydrogen sulfuride | H2S | 205.57 |
sulfurous (VI) acid | H2SO4 | 156.71 |
phenols#
Substance | Molecular formula | Standard entropy S0 |
phenol | C6H5OH | 315.3 |
carboxylic acids#
Substance | Molecular formula | Standard entropy S0 |
formic acid | HCOOH | 248.5 |
lactic acid | CH3CH(OH)COOH | 192 |
oxalic acid | (COOH)2 | 115.6 |
acetate acid | CH3COOH | 282.23 |
propionic acid | CH3CH2COOH | 191 |
salicylic acid | OHC6H4COOH | 178.3 |
benzoic acid | C6H5COOH | 167.6 |
butter acid | CH3CH2CH2COOH | 225.3 |
palmitic acid | C15H31COOH | 452.4 |
stearic acid | C17H35COOH | 436 |
succinic acid | HOOC(CH2)2COOH | 167.3 |
fumaric acid | HOOCCHCHCOOH | 168 |
maleic acid | HOOCCHCHCOOH | 160.8 |
phthalic acid | C6H4(COOH)2 | 207.9 |
solids#
Substance | Molecular formula | Standard entropy S0 |
oxalic acid | (COOH)2 | 115.6 |
salicylic acid | OHC6H4COOH | 178.3 |
benzoic acid | C6H5COOH | 167.6 |
naphthalene | C10H8 | 167 |
antracene | C14H10 | 207.5 |
palmitic acid | C15H31COOH | 452.4 |
stearic acid | C17H35COOH | 436 |
succinic acid | HOOC(CH2)2COOH | 167.3 |
fumaric acid | HOOCCHCHCOOH | 168 |
maleic acid | HOOCCHCHCOOH | 160.8 |
phthalic acid | C6H4(COOH)2 | 207.9 |
urea (carbonyl diamide) | CO(NH2)2 | 104.6 |
acetamide | CH3CONH2 | 115 |
ß-D-glucose | C6H12O6 | 212.1 |
saccharose | C12H22O11 | 360 |
phthalic anhydride | C8H4O3 | 179.5 |
biphenyl | C12H10 | 206 |
glycine | C2H5NO2 | 109.2 |
citric acid | C6H8O7 | 252.1 |
sodium acetate | C2H3O2Na | 123 |
other organic#
Substance | Molecular formula | Standard entropy S0 |
benzaldehyde | C6H5COH | 221.2 |
chloromethane | CH3Cl | 234.25 |
chlorobenzene | C6H5Cl | 194.1 |
bromobenzene | C6H5Br | 207.9 |
pyridine | C5H5N | 179 |
diethyl ethere | (C2H5)2O | 253.5 |
formaldehyde (methanal) | HCHO | 218.57 |
nitromethane | CH3NO2 | 172 |
nitrobenzene | C6H5NO2 | 224 |
vinyl chloride (chloroethene) | CH2CHCl | 263.93 |
acetaldehyde | CH3CHO | 263.97 |
pyrrole | C4H5N | 156.4 |
acetamide | CH3CONH2 | 115 |
ß-D-glucose | C6H12O6 | 212.1 |
saccharose | C12H22O11 | 360 |
acetonitrile | C2H3N | 100.4 |
acetylacetone | C5H8O2 | 261.4 |
benzonitrile | C7H5N | 134.4 |
phthalic anhydride | C8H4O3 | 179.5 |
acetic anhydride | C4H6O3 | 268.2 |
biphenyl | C12H10 | 206 |
bromochlorofluoroiodomethane | CBrCIFI | 353.4 |
bromoethane | C2H5Br | 194.9 |
bromomethane | CH3Br | 246 |
chloroethane | C2H5Cl | 275.7 |
glycine | C2H5NO2 | 109.2 |
citric acid | C6H8O7 | 252.1 |
methyl methacrylate | C5H8O2 | 265 |
methanethiol | CH4S | 255.2 |
N-methylaniline | C7H9N | 224.3 |
amines#
Substance | Molecular formula | Standard entropy S0 |
methylamine | CH3NH2 | 242.36 |
ethylamine | C2H5NH2 | 284.57 |
phenylamine (aniline) | C6H5NH2 | 191.6 |
esters#
Substance | Molecular formula | Standard entropy S0 |
ethyl acetate | CH3COOC2H5 | 362.41 |
methyl formate | C2H4O2 | 189.6 |
halogens#
Substance | Molecular formula | Standard entropy S0 |
chlorine | Cl2 | 222.75 |
fluorine | F2 | 202.52 |
other materials#
Substance | Molecular formula | Standard entropy S0 |
graphite | C | 5.68 |
salts#
Substance | Molecular formula | Standard entropy S0 |
sodium acetate | C2H3O2Na | 123 |
Some facts#
- Entropy is a measure of disorder.
- Statistical thermodynamics defines the entropy of a system in the following way:
where:
- k - Boltzman's constant,
- W - the number of ways in which the macroscopic thermodynamic state of the system can be realized through microscopic states.
- k - Boltzman's constant,
- Entropy is a dimensionless quantity.
- Standard entropy of the substance refers to so-called standard conditions i.e. pressure 1013.25 hPa and temperature 25 °C.
- Basing on the the standard entropies of all substrates and products, it is possible to determine the entropy of chemical reaction:
where:
- - entropy of chemical reaction,
- - entropy of products,
- - entropy of substrates,
- - the stoichiometric factor of the i-th product resulting from the reaction equation,
- - the stoichiometric ratio of the i-th substrate resulting from the reaction equation,
- - entropy of i-th product,
- - entropy of i-th substract.
- - entropy of chemical reaction,
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Links to external sites (leaving Calculla?)#
- chem.libretexts.org: standard entropy
- chem.libretexts.org: entropy changes in chemical reactions
- thu.edu.tw: alternative table of standard entropies for various chemical substances
- youtube.com: entropy practice problems, enthalpy, microstates, 2nd law of thermodynamics
- mat.univie.ac.at: phenomenological thermodynamics in a nutshell