Young's modulus of various materials table
Table shows Young's modulus of various materials such as foam, concrete, rubber etc.

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metals#

SubstanceMolecular formulaYoung's modulus
[GPa]
aluminum (pure)Al69
brass-112.5
bronze, manganese-108
copper (pure)Cu117
goldAu74
ironFe210
leadPb13.8
magnesiumMg45
nickelNi170
nickel silver-128
platinumPt147
siliconSi157.5
silverAg72
steel, stainless 304-180
tinSn47
titaniumTi110.3
titanium, alloy-112.5
tungstenW405
uraniumU170
zincZn83
beryliumBe287
bismuthBi32

plastics#

SubstanceMolecular formulaYoung's modulus
[GPa]
nylon-3
polycarbonate-2.2
polyethylene-0.485
polyethylene terephthalate (PET)[C(O)C6H4C(O)O(CH2)2O]n2.35
rubber, hard-0.055
styrofoam EPS70-0.00475
styrofoam EPS80-0.00475
styrofoam EPS100-0.00475
styrofoam EPS120-0.00475
styrofoam EPS150-0.00475
styrofoam EPS200-0.00475
polystyrene(C8H8)n3.25
polyvinylchloride (PVC)(CH2CHCl)n3.25
teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)(C2F4)n0.5

wood#

SubstanceMolecular formulaYoung's modulus
[GPa]
balsa wood-11
cork wood-11
bamboo wood-11
fir wood-13
pine wood-9
spruce wood-11
larch wood-11
poplar wood-11
alder wood-11
birch-tree wood-11
maple wood-11
elm wood-11
oak wood-11
beech wood-11
ash wood-11
olive wood-11

other materials#

SubstanceMolecular formulaYoung's modulus
[GPa]
glass-70
diamondC1130
human cortical bone-14
medium density fiberboard (MDF)-4

solids#

SubstanceMolecular formulaYoung's modulus
[GPa]
polystyrene(C8H8)n3.25
polyvinylchloride (PVC)(CH2CHCl)n3.25
teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)(C2F4)n0.5
concrete-17
polypropylene[CH2CH(CH3)]n2

Some facts#

  • Young's modulus tells us how much a given material is susceptible to deformation during its compression or stretching.
  • Formally, Young's modulus determines the relationship between stress and strain:
    E=σϵE = \frac{\sigma}{\epsilon}
    where:
    • E - Young's modulus,
    • σ\sigma - stress,
    • ϵ\epsilon - deformation.
  • Other common names for Young's modulus include:
    • modulus of linear deformation,
    • modulus, longitudinal elasticity,
    • first spring constant.
  • Young's modulus is a quantity characteristic for a given material.
  • Young's modulus is defined for solids. In the case of liquids, a similar value can be liquid bulk modulus.
  • Young's modulus is most often denoted by uppercase E or uppercase Y.
  • The basic unit of Young's modulus in the SI system is newton per square meter that is equal to one pascal:
    [E]=[Nm2]=[Pa]\left[E\right] = \left[\frac{N}{m^2}\right] = \left[Pa\right]

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