Settings#
| Unit (young's modulus) | ||
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metals#
| Substance | Molecular formula | Young's modulus [GPa] |
| aluminum (pure) | Al | 69 |
| brass | - | 112.5 |
| bronze, manganese | - | 108 |
| copper (pure) | Cu | 117 |
| gold | Au | 74 |
| iron | Fe | 210 |
| lead | Pb | 13.8 |
| magnesium | Mg | 45 |
| nickel | Ni | 170 |
| nickel silver | - | 128 |
| platinum | Pt | 147 |
| silicon | Si | 157.5 |
| silver | Ag | 72 |
| steel, stainless 304 | - | 180 |
| tin | Sn | 47 |
| titanium | Ti | 110.3 |
| titanium, alloy | - | 112.5 |
| tungsten | W | 405 |
| uranium | U | 170 |
| zinc | Zn | 83 |
| berylium | Be | 287 |
| bismuth | Bi | 32 |
plastics#
| Substance | Molecular formula | Young's modulus [GPa] |
| nylon | - | 3 |
| polycarbonate | - | 2.2 |
| polyethylene | - | 0.485 |
| polyethylene terephthalate (PET) | [C(O)C6H4C(O)O(CH2)2O]n | 2.35 |
| rubber, hard | - | 0.055 |
| styrofoam EPS70 | - | 0.00475 |
| styrofoam EPS80 | - | 0.00475 |
| styrofoam EPS100 | - | 0.00475 |
| styrofoam EPS120 | - | 0.00475 |
| styrofoam EPS150 | - | 0.00475 |
| styrofoam EPS200 | - | 0.00475 |
| polystyrene | (C8H8)n | 3.25 |
| polyvinylchloride (PVC) | (CH2CHCl)n | 3.25 |
| teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE) | (C2F4)n | 0.5 |
wood#
| Substance | Molecular formula | Young's modulus [GPa] |
| balsa wood | - | 11 |
| cork wood | - | 11 |
| bamboo wood | - | 11 |
| fir wood | - | 13 |
| pine wood | - | 9 |
| spruce wood | - | 11 |
| larch wood | - | 11 |
| poplar wood | - | 11 |
| alder wood | - | 11 |
| birch-tree wood | - | 11 |
| maple wood | - | 11 |
| elm wood | - | 11 |
| oak wood | - | 11 |
| beech wood | - | 11 |
| ash wood | - | 11 |
| olive wood | - | 11 |
other materials#
| Substance | Molecular formula | Young's modulus [GPa] |
| glass | - | 70 |
| diamond | C | 1130 |
| human cortical bone | - | 14 |
| medium density fiberboard (MDF) | - | 4 |
solids#
| Substance | Molecular formula | Young's modulus [GPa] |
| polystyrene | (C8H8)n | 3.25 |
| polyvinylchloride (PVC) | (CH2CHCl)n | 3.25 |
| teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE) | (C2F4)n | 0.5 |
| concrete | - | 17 |
| polypropylene | [CH2CH(CH3)]n | 2 |
Some facts#
- Young's modulus tells us how much a given material is susceptible to deformation during its compression or stretching.
- Formally, Young's modulus determines the relationship between stress and strain:
where:
- E - Young's modulus,
- - stress,
- - deformation.
- E - Young's modulus,
- Other common names for Young's modulus include:
- modulus of linear deformation,
- modulus, longitudinal elasticity,
- first spring constant.
- modulus of linear deformation,
- Young's modulus is a quantity characteristic for a given material.
- Young's modulus is defined for solids. In the case of liquids, a similar value can be liquid bulk modulus.
- Young's modulus is most often denoted by uppercase E or uppercase Y.
- The basic unit of Young's modulus in the SI system is newton per square meter that is equal to one pascal:
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