Table shows solutions color characteristic to given ions (cations or anions) such as Cu²⁺ (blue) or MNO₄^- (purple).

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Solution color#

Ion	Solution color	Notice
Show source $Ag^{+}$	colorless	-
Show source $Mn^{2+}$	light pink	-
Show source $Au^{3+}$	yellow or orange	depending on the combination dissolved in water
Show source $Mn^{3+}$	red	-
Show source $Cd^{2+}$	colorless	-
Show source $MnO_4^{-}$	purple	-
Show source $MnO_4^{2-}$	green	-
Show source $MnO_4^{3-}$	blue	-
Show source $Ce^{3+}$	colorless	-
Show source $Ce^{4+}$	yellow	-
Show source $Co^{2+}$	pink	-
Show source $Co^{3+}$	orange	-
Show source $Mo^{3+}$	yellow	-
Show source $MoO^{2+}$	pink	-
Show source $Cr^{2+}$	blue	-
Show source $Cr_2O_7^{2-}$	orange	-
Show source $CrO_4^{2-}$	yellow	-
Show source $Cr^{3+}$	purple	-
Show source $Ni^{2+}$	green	-
Show source $Pd^{2+}$	yellow or red	depending on the combination dissolved in water
Show source $Pt^{2+}$	yellow or red	depending on the combination dissolved in water
Show source $Cu^{2+}$	blue	-
Show source $Cu^{3+}$	yellow	-
Show source $Pt^{4+}$	yellow or red	depending on the combination dissolved in water
Show source $Re^{3+}$	red	-
Show source $Fe^{2+}$	pale green	-
Show source $FeO_4^{2-}$	red-purple	-
Show source $ReO_4^{-}$	colorless	-
Show source $Rh^{3+}$	yellow or red	depending on the combination dissolved in water
Show source $Rh^{4+}$	green	-
Show source $Hg^{2+}$	colorless	-
Show source $Hg_2^{2+}$	colorless	-
Show source $V^{2+}$	purple	-
Show source $V^{3+}$	cyan	-
Show source $Ir^{3+}$	yellow-green	-
Show source $Ir^{4+}$	yellow, red or purple	depending on the combination dissolved in water
Show source $VO^{2+}$	blue	-
Show source $Zn^{2+}$	colorless	-
Show source $La^{3+}$	colorless	-

Some facts#

The presence of ions (cations or anions) of some metals results in a characteristic coloration of the solution.
The change in the solution color results from selective (i.e. only within selected wavelength range) absorption of light during its contact with the solution. For example, if we remove the range related to green color from the white light (i.e. the whole spectrum), we obtain a pink color.
The observed color of the solution may differ not only depending on the content of a given ion, but also on its concentration. For example, a concentrated solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) is almost black, while at low concentration, we notice a pale pink color.
The ability of some ions to absorb light of a specific wavelength can be used to measure the concentration of a given ion in the solution (i.e. to perform so-called quantitative analysis). The basis for this measurement is the Lambert-Beer Law:

$A = kcl$
where:
- A - absorbance,
- k - proportionality coefficient,
- c - concentration of ion,
- l - the thickness of the absorbing layer (the way it overcomes the radiation passing through the solution).
From the point of view of quantitative analysis, the key point is that the amount of absorbed light depends linearly on the ion concentration.

Tags and links to this website#

Tags:

solution_color · colour_of_chemicals · ion_colors · transition_metal_colors_in_solution

Tags to Polish version:

barwa_roztworu · kolor_roztworu · kolory_jonow · kolory_roztworow_metali_przejsciowych

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TABLE · CHEMISTRY · A -> Z (all)

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