Speed of sound in various mediums table
Table shows speed of sound within medium compound of various materials such as air, steel or water.

Settings#

Unit (sound velocity in the medium)
Decimals
⌛ Loading...

metals#

SubstanceMolecular formulaSound velocity in the medium
[m/s]
aluminum (pure)Al6300
brass-4300
cadmium-2800
copper (pure)Cu4700
goldAu3200
ironFe5900
iron, cast-4600
leadPb1960
magnesiumMg5800
molybdenumMo6300
monel-5400
nickelNi5600
platinumPt3300
silverAg3600
steel, carbon-5920
steel, stainless 304-5800
tinSn3300
titaniumTi6100
tungstenW5200
uraniumU3400
zincZn4200

liquids#

SubstanceMolecular formulaSound velocity in the medium
[m/s]
glycerinC3H5(OH)31900
ethanolC2H5OH1160
liquid heliumHe965
oil, petroleum-1700
mercuryHg1400
water 25°CH2O1480
water, sea-1540

alcohols#

SubstanceMolecular formulaSound velocity in the medium
[m/s]
ethanolC2H5OH1160

other materials#

SubstanceMolecular formulaSound velocity in the medium
[m/s]
ice (frozen water, 0°C)H2O4000
glass-5300
organic glass (plexiglass)-1700
quartz glass-5800

gases#

SubstanceMolecular formulaSound velocity in the medium
[m/s]
hydrogenH21290
carbon dioxideCO2259
dry air (standard conditions, 25°C and 100 kPa)-330
oxygenO2316

oxides#

SubstanceMolecular formulaSound velocity in the medium
[m/s]
carbon dioxideCO2259
aluminium oxideAl2O39900

plastics#

SubstanceMolecular formulaSound velocity in the medium
[m/s]
nylon-2600
polyethylene-1900
rubber, hard-1800
polystyrene(C8H8)n2400
polyurethane-1900
neoprene (polychloroprene)-1600
teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)(C2F4)n1400

wood#

SubstanceMolecular formulaSound velocity in the medium
[m/s]
fir wood-4890
pine wood-4760

solids#

SubstanceMolecular formulaSound velocity in the medium
[m/s]
polystyrene(C8H8)n2400
polyurethane-1900
neoprene (polychloroprene)-1600
teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)(C2F4)n1400
marble-3810
concrete-3800

Some facts#

  • The speed of sound is colloquially the speed of movement of an acoustic wave.
  • The speed of propagation of acoustic waves varies depending on the medium in which the waves propagate.
  • The speed of sound in substances reflects how quickly vibrations are transferred between particles.
  • Generally speaking, the speed of sound in a medium depends on its elasticity and inertia:
    v=elasticity of the mediuminertia of the mediumv = \sqrt{\frac{\text{elasticity of the medium}}{\text{inertia of the medium}}}
  • The above general expression can be converted to other forms depending on the context:
    • for liquids:
      v=Bdv = \sqrt{\frac{B}{d}}
      where:
      • v - sound velocity in a liquid medium,
      • B - liquid bulk modulus,
      • d - liquid density,
    • for solids:
      v=Edv = \sqrt{\frac{E}{d}}
      where:
      • v - sound velocity in solid body medium,
      • E - Young's modulus,
      • d - density,
    • for an ideal gas:
      v=κpd=κRTMv = \sqrt{\frac{\kappa p}{d}} = \sqrt{\frac{\kappa R T}{M}}
      where:
      • v - sound velocity in an ideal gas medium,
      • κ\kappa - the so-called adiabatic index of a given gas, equal to the ratio of specific heat in the isobaric (under constant pressure) and isochoric (at constant volume) transformations CpCv\frac{C_p}{C_v} ,
      • p - pressure,
      • d - density,
      • R - gas constant,
      • T - temperature absolute,
      • M - molar mass.

See also#

If you're interested in calculators related to acoustics, check out our other calculators:
  • Sound intensity level (dB) - if you want to learn what is decibel and how the sound intensity level is measured,
  • Sound velocity in materials - if you want to learn how the type of substance affects the speed of acoustic wave propagation,
  • Acoustic impedance of substances - if you want to learn what is acoustic impedance and how it depends on the type of substance,
  • Sound wave reflection - if you want to find out how an acoustic wave behaves when it encounters an obstacle in the form of media boundary,
  • Mass law: single wall - if you're interested in building acoustics and would like to estimate the acoustic insulation of a single wall,
  • Mass law: double wall - if you're interested in building acoustics and would like to estimate the acoustic insulation of a double wall with an air gap between the walls,
  • Sound absorption coefficients - if you're interested in acoustic adaptation of room and you would like to learn how different materials absorb the acoustic wave,
  • Noise propagation - if you want to learn how sound intensity level changes with distance from the source,
  • Sound insulation countours - if you want to learn more about acoustic insulation assessment standards used over the world,
  • Sound reduction index (SRI) - if you're searching for acoustic insulation of popular building materials expressed in the coefficient Rw,
  • Sound transmission class (STC) - if you're searching for acoustic insulation of popular building materials expressed by the index STC.

Tags and links to this website#

What tags this calculator has#

Permalink#

This is permalink. Permalink is the link containing your input data. Just copy it and share your work with friends:

Links to external sites (leaving Calculla?)#

JavaScript failed !
So this is static version of this website.
This website works a lot better in JavaScript enabled browser.
Please enable JavaScript.