Table shows speed of sound within medium compound of various materials such as air, steel or water.

Settings#

Unit (sound velocity in the medium)
Decimals

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metals#

Substance	Molecular formula	Sound velocity in the medium [m/s]
aluminum (pure)	Al	6300
brass	-	4300
cadmium	-	2800
copper (pure)	Cu	4700
gold	Au	3200
iron	Fe	5900
iron, cast	-	4600
lead	Pb	1960
magnesium	Mg	5800
molybdenum	Mo	6300
monel	-	5400
nickel	Ni	5600
platinum	Pt	3300
silver	Ag	3600
steel, carbon	-	5920
steel, stainless 304	-	5800
tin	Sn	3300
titanium	Ti	6100
tungsten	W	5200
uranium	U	3400
zinc	Zn	4200

liquids#

Substance	Molecular formula	Sound velocity in the medium [m/s]
glycerin	C₃H₅(OH)₃	1900
ethanol	C₂H₅OH	1160
liquid helium	He	965
oil, petroleum	-	1700
mercury	Hg	1400
water 25°C	H₂O	1480
water, sea	-	1540

alcohols#

Substance	Molecular formula	Sound velocity in the medium [m/s]
ethanol	C₂H₅OH	1160

other materials#

Substance	Molecular formula	Sound velocity in the medium [m/s]
ice (frozen water, 0°C)	H₂O	4000
glass	-	5300
organic glass (plexiglass)	-	1700
quartz glass	-	5800

gases#

Substance	Molecular formula	Sound velocity in the medium [m/s]
hydrogen	H₂	1290
carbon dioxide	CO₂	259
dry air (standard conditions, 25°C and 100 kPa)	-	330
oxygen	O₂	316

oxides#

Substance	Molecular formula	Sound velocity in the medium [m/s]
carbon dioxide	CO₂	259
aluminium oxide	Al₂O₃	9900

plastics#

Substance	Molecular formula	Sound velocity in the medium [m/s]
nylon	-	2600
polyethylene	-	1900
rubber, hard	-	1800
polystyrene	(C₈H₈)_n	2400
polyurethane	-	1900
neoprene (polychloroprene)	-	1600
teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)	(C₂F₄)_n	1400

wood#

Substance	Molecular formula	Sound velocity in the medium [m/s]
fir wood	-	4890
pine wood	-	4760

solids#

Substance	Molecular formula	Sound velocity in the medium [m/s]
polystyrene	(C₈H₈)_n	2400
polyurethane	-	1900
neoprene (polychloroprene)	-	1600
teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)	(C₂F₄)_n	1400
marble	-	3810
concrete	-	3800

Some facts#

The speed of sound is colloquially the speed of movement of an acoustic wave.
The speed of propagation of acoustic waves varies depending on the medium in which the waves propagate.
The speed of sound in substances reflects how quickly vibrations are transferred between particles.
Generally speaking, the speed of sound in a medium depends on its elasticity and inertia:

$v = \sqrt{\frac{\text{elasticity of the medium}}{\text{inertia of the medium}}}$
The above general expression can be converted to other forms depending on the context:
- for liquids:
  
  $v = \sqrt{\frac{B}{d}}$
  where:
  - v - sound velocity in a liquid medium,
  - B - liquid bulk modulus,
  - d - liquid density,
- for solids:
  
  $v = \sqrt{\frac{E}{d}}$
  where:
  - v - sound velocity in solid body medium,
  - E - Young's modulus,
  - d - density,
- for an ideal gas:
  
  $v = \sqrt{\frac{\kappa p}{d}} = \sqrt{\frac{\kappa R T}{M}}$
  where:
  - v - sound velocity in an ideal gas medium,
  - $\kappa$ - the so-called adiabatic index of a given gas, equal to the ratio of specific heat in the isobaric (under constant pressure) and isochoric (at constant volume) transformations $\frac{C_p}{C_v}$ ,
  - p - pressure,
  - d - density,
  - R - gas constant,
  - T - temperature absolute,
  - M - molar mass.

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sound_velocity_table · sound_velocity_in_gases · sound_velocity_in_solids · sound_velocity_in_liquids · sound_velocity_in_metals

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tabela_predkosci_dzwieku · predkosc_dzwieku_w_gazach · predkosc_dzwieku_w_cialach_stalych · predkosc_dzwieku_w_cieczach · predkosc_dzwieku_w_metalach

What tags this calculator has#

TABLE · PHYSICS · AUDIO/SOUND · A -> Z (all)

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