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Density of substances table
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Table shows density of selected gases, solids and liquids.

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metals#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
aluminum 2024-T3-2770
aluminum 6061-T6-2700
aluminum 7075-T6-2803
aluminum (pure)Al2643
brass-8553
bronze, manganese-8300
bronze, phosphor-8800
cadmium-8650
chromium-6856
cobalt-8906
copper (cast rolled)-8906
copper (pure)Cu8940
goldAu19320
ironFe7870
iron, cast-7207
iron, gray cast-7079
iron, wrough-7658
leadPb11341
magnesiumMg1746
magnesium, alloy-1770
manganeseMn7192
molybdenumMo10300
monel-8690
nickelNi8890
nickel silver-8440
platinumPt21450
siliconSi2330
silverAg10490
steel, carbon-7850
steel, high speed tool-8750
steel, stainless 304-7700
steel, stainless 316L-8000
steel, stainless 347-7900
steel, stainless 2304-7800
steel, tool-7715
tinSn7300
titaniumTi4540
titanium, alloy-4510
tungstenW18820
uraniumU18700
zincZn7144

liquids#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
acetone(CH3)2CO789.9
glycerinC3H5(OH)31260
ethanolC2H5OH2040
liquid ammoniaNH3682.1
liquid argonAr1390
liquid heliumHe125
liquid hydrogenH270
liquid methaneCH4424
liquid nitrogenN2804
oil, petroleum-820
gasoline-660
mercuryHg13584
water 4°CH2O1000
water 20°CH2O998
water 25°CH2O997.07
water, sea-1024
cyclohexaneC6H12773.9
n-hexaneC6H14654.8
bromine fluorideBF32.771
carbon sulphideCS21256
dichlorine heptoxideCl2O71900
methanolCH3OH792
ethylene glycolC2H4(OH)21108.8
prophanolC3H7OH799.725
phenolC6H5OH1054.545
formic acidHCOOH1220
lactic acidCH3CH(OH)COOH1206.021
acetate acidCH3COOH1050
propionic acidCH3CH2COOH993
benzaldehydeC6H5COH1041.51
methylamineCH3NH2656.25
phenylamine (aniline)C6H5NH21021.7
benzeneC6H6879
tolueneC6H5CH3862.3
orthoxyleneC6H4(CH3)2880.21
metaxyleneC6H4(CH3)2864.2
paraxyleneC6H4(CH3)2861.1
chloroformCHCl31490
chlorobenzeneC6H5Cl1105.8
tetrachloromethaneCCl41590
pyridineC5H5N981.9
diethyl ethere(C2H5)2O714
nitromethaneCH3NO21137.1
nitrobenzeneC6H5NO21203.7
hydrogen peroxideH2O21440
thionyl chlorideSOCl21631
sulfuryl chlorideSO2Cl21680
n-pentaneC5H12626.2
acetaldehydeCH3CHO783.418
n-heptaneC7H16683.7
n-octaneC8H18698.6
n-nonaneC9H20717.6
n-decaneC10H22730
undecaneC11H24740.2
dodecaneC12H26748.7
tridecaneC13H28756.4
tetradecaneC14H30762.8
pentadecaneC15H32768.5
hexadecaneC16H34773.3
cyclopentaneC5H10745.7
dichloromethaneCH2Cl21326.6
propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol)C3H7OH780.925
butan-1-olC4H9OH809.8
butan-2-olC3H7OH806.3
2-methylopropan-1-olC4H9OH801.8
2-methylopropan-2-olC4H9OH788.7
3-methylobenzenol (m-cresol)C6H4(CH3)OH1034.1
propionaldehydeC2H5CHO865.725
butyraldehydeC3H7CHO801.6
butter acidCH3CH2CH2COOH957.7
ethyl formateHCOOC2H5916.8
pyrroleC4H5N969.8
formaideHCONH21133.4
nitroglycerinC3H5(ONO2)31593.1
hexafluoronenzeneC6F61612

alcohols#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
ethanolC2H5OH2040
methanolCH3OH792
ethylene glycolC2H4(OH)21108.8
prophanolC3H7OH799.725
propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol)C3H7OH780.925
butan-1-olC4H9OH809.8
butan-2-olC3H7OH806.3
2-methylopropan-1-olC4H9OH801.8
2-methylopropan-2-olC4H9OH788.7

other materials#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
ice (frozen water, 0°C)H2O916.7
feathers (mean)-2.5
asphalt, crushed-721
brick-2150
carbon, solid-2140
cement-2800
ceramic-2130
human body (mean)-1050
cardboard-900
paper-1000
window glass-2500
organic glass (plexiglass)-1180
quartz glass-1700
diamondC3260
graphiteC2200
porcelain-2300

other inorganic#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
ammoniaNH30.73
bromine fluorideBF32.771
carbon sulphideCS21256
oxygen difluorideOF22.207
phosphinePH31.39
thionyl chlorideSOCl21631
sulfuryl chlorideSO2Cl21680
TODOMnO(OH)4300
sodium peroxideNa2O22805
argonAr1784
nitrogenN21251
heliumHe179
kryptonKr3740
xenonXe5890
neonNe900
ozoneO32220
urea (carbonyl diamide)CO(NH2)21323

gases#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
ammoniaNH30.73
argonAr1.784
heliumHe0.1785
hydrogenH20.082
methaneCH40.656
nitrogenN21.25
carbon dioxideCO21.95
dry air (normal conditions, 0°C and 1013,25 hPa)-1.293
dry air (standard conditions, 25°C and 100 kPa)-1.168
dichlorine monoxideCl2O3.552
hydrogen chlorideHCl1.49
hydrogen cyanideHCN684
hydrogen fluorideHF0.818
hydrogen jodideHI5789
hydrogen sulfurideH2S1.393
dimethylamine(CH3)2NH680.4
trimethylamine(CH3)3N627.25
ethylamineC2H5NH2677.25
ethaneC2H6544.6
propaneC3H8493
n-buthaneC4H10573
cyclobutaneC4H8689
ethene (ethylene)C2H41261
ethyneC2H2377.25
chloromethaneCH3Cl911.25
formaldehyde (methanal)HCHO815
nitrogen (II) oxideNO1340
oxygen difluorideOF22.207
phosphinePH31.39
sulfur (IV) oxideSO22.619
sulfur (VI) oxideSO31920
chlorineCl23220
hydrogenH290
oxygenO21.429
steamH2O768
propheneC3H6505
vinyl chloride (chloroethene)CH2CHCl910.6
nitrogenN21251
fluorineF21695
heliumHe179
kryptonKr3740
xenonXe5890
neonNe900
ozoneO32220
2-methylpropane (isobutane)CH3CH(CH3)CH3551
cyclopropaneC3H6617
but-1-eneC4H8588
transbut-2-eneC4H8599
cis-but-2-eneC4H8616
propyneC3H4607.25
but-1-yneC4H6678.3
but-2-yneC4H6691

hydrocarbons#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
methaneCH40.656
cyclohexaneC6H12773.9
n-hexaneC6H14654.8
ethaneC2H6544.6
propaneC3H8493
n-buthaneC4H10573
cyclobutaneC4H8689
ethene (ethylene)C2H41261
ethyneC2H2377.25
benzeneC6H6879
tolueneC6H5CH3862.3
orthoxyleneC6H4(CH3)2880.21
metaxyleneC6H4(CH3)2864.2
paraxyleneC6H4(CH3)2861.1
propheneC3H6505
n-pentaneC5H12626.2
2-methylpropane (isobutane)CH3CH(CH3)CH3551
2-methylbutaneCH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3620
n-heptaneC7H16683.7
n-octaneC8H18698.6
n-nonaneC9H20717.6
n-decaneC10H22730
undecaneC11H24740.2
dodecaneC12H26748.7
tridecaneC13H28756.4
tetradecaneC14H30762.8
pentadecaneC15H32768.5
hexadecaneC16H34773.3
heptadecaneC17H36778
octadecaneC18H38776.8
nonadecaneC19H40785.5
isocane (eicosane)C20H42788.6
triacontaneC30H62809.7
cyclopropaneC3H6617
cyclopentaneC5H10745.7
but-1-eneC4H8588
transbut-2-eneC4H8599
cis-but-2-eneC4H8616
propyneC3H4607.25
but-1-yneC4H6678.3
but-2-yneC4H6691
naphthaleneC10H81025.3
antraceneC14H101282.5
phenanthreneC14H10980.4

oxides#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
carbon dioxideCO21.95
carbon monoxideCO1.145
dichlorine monoxideCl2O3.552
dichlorine heptoxideCl2O71900
hydrogen peroxideH2O21440
nitrogen (II) oxideNO1340
sulfur (IV) oxideSO22.619
sulfur (VI) oxideSO31920
barium oxideBaO5720
silver (I) oxideAg2O7200
aluminium oxideAl2O33970
arsenic (III) oxideAs2O33740
arsenic (V) oxideAs2O54320
boron (III) oxideB2O32550
beryllium oxideBeO3010
bismuth (III) oxideBi2O38900
calcium oxideCaO3340
chromium (VI) oxideCrO32700
cesium oxideCs2O4650
copper (I) oxideCu2O6000
gallium oxideGa2O36000
germanium (IV) oxideGeO24250
mercury (II) oxideHgO11140
iodide (V) oxideI2O54980
indium (III) oxideIn2O37180
potassium oxideK2O2350
lanthanum oxide (III)La2O36510
lithium oxideLi2O2013
magnesium oxideMgO3600
manganese (IV) oxideMnO25080
manganese (VII) oxideMn2O72400
sodium oxideNa2O2270
phosphorus oxide (III)P2O32130
phosphorus oxide (V)P2O52300
lead (II) oxidePbO9350
lead (IV) oxidePbO29640
lead (II) lead (IV) oxidePb3O48920
polonium (IV) oxidePoO28900
platinum (II) oxidePtO14100
platinum oxide (IV)PtO211800
rubidium oxideRb2O4000
silicon (IV) oxideSiO22648
antimony (III) oxideSb2O35580
antimony (V) oxideSb2O53780
selenium (IV) oxideSeO23950
selenium (VI) oxideSeO33440
tellurium (IV) oxideTeO25900
tellerium (III) oxideTl2O310200
zinc (II) oxideZnO5600

plastics#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
bakelite-1360
nylon-1700
polycarbonate-1300
polyethylene-2300
rubber, hard-1185
styrofoam EPS70-13.5
styrofoam EPS80-15
styrofoam EPS90-17
styrofoam EPS100-18
styrofoam EPS120-20
styrofoam EPS150-24
styrofoam EPS200-28
polystyrene(C8H8)n1005
polyurethane-1145.5
neoprene (polychloroprene)-1230
teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)(C2F4)n2200

wood#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
balsa wood-110
cork wood-280
bamboo wood-350
fir wood-450
pine wood-550
spruce wood-470
larch wood-690
poplar wood-450
alder wood-530
birch-tree wood-650
maple wood-660
elm wood-680
oak wood-710
beech wood-730
ash wood-750
olive wood-852

salts#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
arsenic chlorideAsCl32150
beryllium chlorideBeCl21900
potassium bromideKBr2740
silver bromideAgBr6470
silver chlorideAgCl5560
potassium chromateK2CrO42730
silver iodideAgI5680
silver sulfideAg2S7230
aluminum phosphateAlPO42560
barium carbonateBaCO34287
potassium carbonateK2CO32290
sodium carbonateNa2CO32540
sodium bicarbonateNaHCO32200
barium sulfate (VI)BaSO44490
bismuth (III) chlorideBiCl34750
calcium carbonate (calcite)CaCO32710
calcium phosphateCa3(PO4)23140
calcium sulphate (VI)CaSO42960
calcium suplhate (VI) dihydrateCaSO4 · 2H2O2320
cadmium sulfideCdS4830
copper (II) sulfideCuS4760
mercury (I) chlorideHg2Cl27160
mercury (II) chlorideHgCl25600
mercury (II) sulfideHgS7700
potassium perchlorateKClO42520
lithium phosphateLi3PO42460
magnesium carbonateMgCO33050
lead chloride (II)PbCl25980
lead (II) sulfate (VI)PbSO46290
lead (II) sulfidePbS7600
tin (IV) chlorideSnCl42234
zinc carbonateZnCO34400
zinc sulfideZnS4040
silver nitrate (V)AgNO34350
potassium nitrate (V)KNO32110
sodium nitrate (V)NaNO32260
potassium sulfate (VI)K2SO42660
sodium sulfate (VI)Na2SO42700
ammonium thiocyanateNH4SCN1300
ammonium chlorideNH4Cl1519
ammonium sulfate (VI)(NH4)2SO41770
sodium chlorideNaCl2170
sodium bromideNaBr3200
zinc (II) chlorideZnCl22907
zinc (II) sulfate (VI)ZnSO43800
magnesium nitrate (V)Mg(NO3)22300
magnesium chlorideMgCl22325
magnesium sulfate (VI)MgSO42660
manganese (II) chlorideMnCl22977
manganese (II) sulfate (VI)MnSO43250
aluminium chlorideAlCl32480
aluminium nitrate (V) ninehydrateAl(NO3)3 · 9H2O1720
arsenic (III) sulfideAs2S53460
gold (I) chlorideAuCl7600
gold (III) chlorideAuCl34700
barium chlorideBaCl33900
beryllium sulfate (VI)BeSO42500
bismuth (III) sulfideBi2S36780
calcium nitrate (V)Ca(NO3)22500
cadmium chlorideCdCl24080
cadmium nitrate (V)Cd(NO3)23600
cadmium sulfate (VI)CdSO44690
cobalt (II) chlorideCoCl23360
cobalt (II) nitrate (V)Co(NO3)22490
cobalt (II) sulfideCoS5450
chromium (II) chlorideCrCl22880
chromium (III) chlorideCrCl32870
chromium (I) potassium sulfate (VI)CrK(SO4) · 12H2O1830
cesium chlorideCsCl3988
cesium sulfate (VI)Cs2SO44240
cesium nitrate (V)CsNO33660
copper (I) sulfideCu2S5600
copper (I) chlorideCuCl4140
copper (II) chlorideCuCl23400
copper (II) nitrate (V)Cu(NO3)22590
copper (II) sulfate (VI)CuSO43600
copper (II) sulfate (VI) pentahydrateCuSO4 · 5H2O2286
gallium chlorideGaCl32470
germanium (IV) fluorideGeF46.074
mercury (II) nitrate (V)Hg(NO3)24300
indium (III) chlorideInCl34000
potassium dichromate (VI)K2Cr2O72680
potassium manganate (VII)KMnO42700
lanthanum chloride (III)LaCl33840
lithium chlorideLiCl2070
lithium sulfate (VI)Li2SO42210
lithium sulfideLi2S1640
magnesium sulfideMgS2680
ammonium dichromate (VII)(NH4)2Cr2O72155
sodium sulfideNa2S1856
nickel (II) chlorideNiCl23510
nickel (II) sulfate (VI)NiSO44010
nickel (II) sulfideNiS5500
palladium sulfide (II)PdS6700
palladium (II) chloridePdCl24000
platinum (II) chloridePtCl26000
platinum (III) chloridePtCl35260
platinum (IV) chloridePtCl44300
radium chlorideRaCl24900
rubidium chlorideRbCl2760
rubidium sulphideRb2S2910
rubidium sulfate (VI)Rb2SO43600
rubidium nitrate (V)RbNO33110
silicon fluorideSiF44.254
antimony (III) bromideSbBr34350
antimony (V) chlorideSbCl52340
antimony (V) salfideSb2S54120
selenium (IV) chlorideSeCl42600
tin (II) chlorideSnCl23900
tin (VI) sulfate (VI)SnSO44150
strontium bromideSrBr24216
strontium carbonateSrCO33500
strontium nitrate (V)Sr(NO3)22990
strontium sulfate (VI)SrSO43960
tellerium (II) chlorideTeCl26900
tellerium (IV) chlorideTeCl43000
tellerium (III) chlorideTlCl34700
calcium acetate(CH3COO)2Ca1500
sodium oxalate(COO)2Na22342.5

hydrides#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
arsenic hydrideAsH33.186
potassium hydrideKH1430
cesium hydrideCsH3420
silicon hydride (silan)SiH41.313
barium hydrideBaH24160
germanium (IV) hydrideGeH43.133
lithium hydrideLiH780
magnesium hydrideMgH21450
sodium hydrideNaH1390
rubidium hydrideRbH2600
antimony (III) hydrideSbH35.1
tin (IV) hydrideSnH45.017
strontium hydrideSrH23260

inorganic acids#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
hydrogen bromideHBr3.307
hydrogen chlorideHCl1.49
hydrogen cyanideHCN684
hydrogen fluorideHF0.818
hydrogen jodideHI5789
hydrogen sulfurideH2S1.393
iodic (V) acidHIO34630
sulfurous (VI) acidH2SO41840
chloric (VII) acidHClO41770
selenic (VI) acidH2SeO42980
tellurous (IV) acidH2TeO33000

phenols#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
phenolC6H5OH1054.545
2-methylobenzenol (o-cresol)C6H4(CH3)OH1135.25
3-methylobenzenol (m-cresol)C6H4(CH3)OH1034.1
4-methylobenzenol (p-cresol)C6H4(CH3)OH1018.54
1-naphtholC10H7OH1098.999
2-naptholC10H7OH1280

carboxylic acids#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
formic acidHCOOH1220
lactic acidCH3CH(OH)COOH1206.021
oxalic acid(COOH)21900.17
acetate acidCH3COOH1050
propionic acidCH3CH2COOH993
salicylic acidOHC6H4COOH1443
benzoic acidC6H5COOH1265.915
butter acidCH3CH2CH2COOH957.7
2-methylpropanoic acid (isobutter)C3H7COOH968.1
palmitic acidC15H31COOH852.762
stearic acidC17H35COOH940.8
oleic acidCH3(CH2)7CHCH(CH2)7COOH893.5
elaidic acidCH3(CH2)7CHCH(CH2)7COOH873.445
linoleic acidCH3(CH2)4CHCH(CH2)CHCH(CH2)7COOH902.2
linolenic acidCH3(CH2)CHCH(CH2)CHCH(CH2)CHCH(CH2)7COOH916.4
succinic acidHOOC(CH2)2COOH1572.25
glutaric acidHOOC(CH2)3COOH1429.15
adipic acidHOOC(CH2)4COOH1360.25
fumaric acidHOOCCHCHCOOH1635
maleic acidHOOCCHCHCOOH1590
phthalic acidC6H4(COOH)22181.91
D-tartaric acidHOOC(CHOH)2COOH1759.8
DL-2,3-dihydroxybutane-1,4-diic-acidHOOC(CHOH)2COOH1788.25
masetic acidHOOC(CHOH)2COOH1666
pyruvic acidCH3COCOOH1227.2

solids#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
oxalic acid(COOH)21900.17
salicylic acidOHC6H4COOH1443
benzoic acidC6H5COOH1265.915
polystyrene(C8H8)n1005
polyurethane-1145.5
aluminium carbideAl4C32360
calcium carbideCaC22220
heptadecaneC17H36778
octadecaneC18H38776.8
nonadecaneC19H40785.5
isocane (eicosane)C20H42788.6
triacontaneC30H62809.7
naphthaleneC10H81025.3
antraceneC14H101282.5
phenanthreneC14H10980.4
2-methylobenzenol (o-cresol)C6H4(CH3)OH1135.25
4-methylobenzenol (p-cresol)C6H4(CH3)OH1018.54
1-naphtholC10H7OH1098.999
2-naptholC10H7OH1280
palmitic acidC15H31COOH852.762
stearic acidC17H35COOH940.8
succinic acidHOOC(CH2)2COOH1572.25
fumaric acidHOOCCHCHCOOH1635
maleic acidHOOCCHCHCOOH1590
phthalic acidC6H4(COOH)22181.91
urea (carbonyl diamide)CO(NH2)21323
acetamideCH3CONH2998.685
ß-D-fructoseC6H12O61600
ß-D-glucoseC6H12O61562.018
saccharoseC12H22O111580.517
neoprene (polychloroprene)-1230
teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)(C2F4)n2200
marble-2711
concrete-2500
polypropylene[CH2CH(CH3)]n900

other organic#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
benzaldehydeC6H5COH1041.51
chloromethaneCH3Cl911.25
chloroformCHCl31490
iodoformCHI34008.25
chlorobenzeneC6H5Cl1105.8
tetrachloromethaneCCl41590
pyridineC5H5N981.9
diethyl ethere(C2H5)2O714
formaldehyde (methanal)HCHO815
nitromethaneCH3NO21137.1
nitrobenzeneC6H5NO21203.7
vinyl chloride (chloroethene)CH2CHCl910.6
acetaldehydeCH3CHO783.418
paraffin-900
dichloromethaneCH2Cl21326.6
propionaldehydeC2H5CHO865.725
butyraldehydeC3H7CHO801.6
4,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT, trotyl)C6H2(CH3)(NO2)31654
propylamineC3H7NH2717.3
isopropylamineCH3CH(NH2)CH3689.1
2-hydroxybenzenoaminC6H4(OH)NH21328.25
pyrroleC4H5N969.8
pyrimidine (1,3-diazine)C4H4N21016
purineC5H4N21491
formaideHCONH21133.4
N-methylometanoamideHCONH(CH)31011.19
N-phenylo-N-methylometanoamideHCON(C6H5)(CH)31094.8
acetamideCH3CONH2998.685
benzamideC6H5CONH21079.213
methyl nitrate (V)CH3ONO21207.5
nitroglycerinC3H5(ONO2)31593.1
ß-D-arabinoseC5H10O51625.25
ß-D-fructoseC6H12O61600
ß-D-glucoseC6H12O61562.018
D-mannoseC6H12O61539
saccharoseC12H22O111580.517
hexafluoronenzeneC6F61612

amines#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
methylamineCH3NH2656.25
dimethylamine(CH3)2NH680.4
trimethylamine(CH3)3N627.25
ethylamineC2H5NH2677.25
phenylamine (aniline)C6H5NH21021.7

hydroxides#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
sodium hydroxideNaOH2130
potassium hydroxideKOH2040
zinc hydroxideZn(OH)23050
magnesium hydroxideMg(OH)22370
copper (II) hydroxideCu(OH)23370
cadmium (II) hydroxideCd(OH)24790
cesium hydroxideCsOH3680
lithium hydroxideLiOH1450
manganese (II) hydroxideMn(OH)23260
rubidium hydroxideRbOH3200
strontium hydroxidesSr(OH)23625

halogens#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
chlorineCl23220
fluorineF21695

silans#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
silicon hydride (silan)SiH41.313

carbides#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
aluminium carbideAl4C32360
calcium carbideCaC22220

esters#

SubstanceMolecular formulaDensity
[kg/m³]
ethyl formateHCOOC2H5916.8
ethyl acetateCH3COOC2H51088
propyl acetateCH3COOC3H7887.8
isopentyl acetateCH3COOC2H4CH(CH3)2872
ethyl butyrateC3H7COOC2H5884.415
salolHOC6H4COOC6H51261.43

Some facts#

  • ⓘ Remember: Density is the physical quantity that determines the ratio beetwen the mass and the volume that mass occupies.
  • We usually denote the density by d or the small Greek letter ρ (pronunciation: rho).
  • If the sample body has mass m and it occupies volume V, then the density of the substance from which it is composed can be calculated using the following formula:
    d=mVd = \dfrac{m}{V}
    gdzie:
    • d = density,
    • m = mass,
    • V = volume.
  • The density unit in SI system is kilogram per cubic meter:
    kgm3\dfrac{kg}{m^3}
  • Density is a feature of a particular substance. An example of a relatively high density substance is steel. Example of relatively small density is styrofoam, .
    ⓘ Example: If we grab a small steel ball in hand, we can easily feel it's weight. If we grab anologous (i.e. with the same size), but made of styrofoam ball in second hand, then we notice that it is much lighter than the previous one. This is because steel has a much higher density than styrofoam.
  • Substances with high density are good acoustic insulators. For example, making the walls of a room with a thick concrete layer (high density material) will cause what is going on inside to be very poorly audible on the outside.
  • Acoustic insulation does not go hand in hand with thermal insulation. For example: styrofoam (very low density material) is known as a very good thermal insulator, but is unusable as an acoustic insulator.
  • ⚠ WARNING! Substances can change their density depending on temperature and pressure. Therefore density tables also contain the conditions in which they were measured.
  • Wood density can vary greatly from species to species. The average density of ochroma pyramidale wood (commonly known as balsa wood) is only 110 kg/m3. For comparison, the olive wood is approximately 8 times greater (852 kg/m3). Very low density of the first one was noticed by engineers, which resulted in using it in many fields of industry. Balsa wood is used to build many useful things for example:
    • rafts and yachts,
    • surfboards,
    • gliders and airplanes,
    • orthopedic prostheses,
    • table tennis bats,
    • fishing rods,
    • structural elements in modeling,
    • pipe filters,
    • insulating fittings,
    • conductors (bats).

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