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Table of standard half-cell potentials
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Table shows standard potentials of common half-cells at 25 °C.

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Standard half-cell potentials at 25 °C#

Half reduction reactionStandard potential E0 [V]
Show sourceLi++e−⇌LiLi^+ + e^- \rightleftharpoons Li-3.05
Show sourceRb++e−⇌RbRb ^+ + e^- \rightleftharpoons Rb-2.93
Show sourceK++e−⇌KK^+ +e^- \rightleftharpoons K-2.93
Show sourceRa2++2e−⇌RaRa^{2+} + 2e^- \rightleftharpoons Ra-2.92
Show sourceCs++e−⇌CsCs^+ + e^- \rightleftharpoons Cs-2.92
Show sourceBa2++2e−⇌BaBa^{2+}+ 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Ba-2.91
Show sourceSr2++2e−⇌SrSr^{2+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Sr-2.89
Show sourceCa2++2e−⇌CaCa^{2+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Ca-2.87
Show sourceNa++e−⇌NaNa^+ + e^- \rightleftharpoons Na-2.71
Show sourceLa3++3e−⇌LaLa^{3+} + 3e^- \rightleftharpoons La-2.52
Show sourceCe3++3e−⇌CeCe^{3+} + 3e^- \rightleftharpoons Ce-2.48
Show sourceMg2++2e−⇌MgMg^{2+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Mg-2.36
Show sourceBe2++2e−⇌BeBe^{2+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Be-1.85
Show sourceU3++3e−⇌UU^{3+} + 3 e^- \rightleftharpoons U-1.79
Show sourceAl3++3e−⇌AlAl^{3+} + 3 e^- \rightleftharpoons Al-1.66
Show sourceTi2++2e−⇌TiTi^{2+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Ti-1.63
Show sourceV2++2e−⇌VV^{2+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons V-1.19
Show sourceMn2++2e−⇌MnMn^{2+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Mn-1.18
Show sourceCr2++2e−⇌CrCr^{2+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Cr-0.91
Show sourceTe+2e−⇌Te2−Te + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Te^{2-}-0.84
Show source2H2O+2e−⇌H2+2OH−2 H_2O + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons H_2 + 2OH^--0.83
Show sourceCd(OH)2+2e−⇌Cd+2OH−Cd(OH)_2 + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Cd+ 2OH^--0.81
Show sourceZn2++2e−⇌ZnZn^{2+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Zn-0.76
Show sourceCr3++3e−⇌CrCr^{3+} + 3 e^- \rightleftharpoons Cr-0.74
Show sourceSe+2e−⇌Se2−Se + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Se^{2-}-0.67
Show sourceU4++e−⇌U3+U^{4+} + e^- \rightleftharpoons U^{3+}-0.61
Show sourceO2+e−⇌O2−O_2 + e^- \rightleftharpoons O^{2-}-0.56
Show sourceGa++e−⇌GaGa^+ + e^- \rightleftharpoons Ga-0.53
Show sourceIn3++3e−⇌In2+In^{3+} + 3 e^- \rightleftharpoons In^{2+}-0.49
Show sourceS+2e−⇌S2−S + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons S^{2-}-0.48
Show sourceFe2++2e−⇌FeFe^{2+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Fe-0.44
Show sourceIn3++2e−⇌In+In^{3+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons In^+-0.44
Show sourceCr3++e−⇌Cr2+Cr^{3+} + e^- \rightleftharpoons Cr^{2+}-0.41
Show sourceIn2++e−⇌In+In^{2+} + e^- \rightleftharpoons In^+-0.4
Show sourceCd2++2e−⇌CdCd^{2+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Cd-0.4
Show sourceTi3++e−⇌Ti2+Ti^{3+} + e^- \rightleftharpoons Ti^{2+}-0.37
Show sourcePbSO4+2e−⇌Pb+SO42−PbSO_4 + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Pb + SO_4^{2-}-0.36
Show sourceIn3++3e−⇌InIn^{3+} + 3 e^- \rightleftharpoons In-0.34
Show sourceTl++e−⇌TlTl^+ + e^- \rightleftharpoons Tl-0.34
Show sourceCo2++2e−⇌CoCo^{2+} +2e^- \rightleftharpoons Co-0.28
Show sourceV3++e−⇌V2+V^{3+} + e^- \rightleftharpoons V^{2+}-0.26
Show sourceNi2++2e−⇌NiNi^{2+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Ni-0.23
Show sourceAgI+e−⇌Ag+I−AgI + e^- \rightleftharpoons Ag + I^--0.15
Show sourceIn++e−⇌InIn^+ + e^- \rightleftharpoons In-0.14
Show sourceSn2++2e−⇌SnSn^{2+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Sn-0.14
Show sourcePb2++2e−⇌PbPb^{2+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Pb-0.13
Show sourceO2+H2O+2e−⇌HO2−+OH−O_2 + H_2O + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons HO^-_2 + OH^--0.08
Show sourceFe3++3e−⇌FeFe^{3+} + 3 e^- \rightleftharpoons Fe-0.04
Show source2H++2e−⇌H22 H^+ + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons H_20
Show sourceTi4++e−⇌Ti3+Ti^{4+} + e^- \rightleftharpoons Ti^{3+}0
Show sourceNO3−+H2O+2e−⇌NO2−+2OH−NO_3^- + H_2O + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons NO_2^- + 2OH^-0.01
Show sourceAgBr+e−⇌Ag+Br−AgBr + e^- \rightleftharpoons Ag + Br^-0.07
Show sourceCu2++e−⇌Cu+Cu^{2+} + e^- \rightleftharpoons Cu^+0.15
Show sourceSn4++2e−⇌Sn2+Sn^{4+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Sn^{2+}0.15
Show sourceSO42−+4H−+2e−⇌H2SO3+H2OSO_4^{2-} + 4 H^- + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons H_2SO_3 + H_2 O0.17
Show sourceBi3++3e−⇌BiBi^{3+} + 3 e^- \rightleftharpoons Bi0.2
Show sourceAgCl+e−⇌Ag+Cl−AgCl + e^- \rightleftharpoons Ag + Cl^-0.22
Show sourceHg2Cl2+2e−⇌2Kg+2Cl−Hg_2Cl_2 + 2e^- \rightleftharpoons 2 Kg + 2Cl^-0.27
Show sourceCu2++2e−⇌CuCu^{2+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Cu0.34
Show sourceHg2Cl2+2e−⇌2Hg+2Cl−Hg_2Cl_2 + 2e^- \rightleftharpoons 2 Hg + 2Cl^-0.27
Show sourceClO4−+H2O+2e−⇌ClO3−+2OH−ClO_4^- + H_2O + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons ClO_3^- + 2OH^-0.36
Show sourceO2+2H2O+2e−⇌4OH−O_2 + 2H_2O + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons 4 OH^-0.4
Show sourceNi(OH)3+e−⇌Ni(OH)2+OH−Ni(OH)_3 + e^- \rightleftharpoons Ni(OH)_2 + OH^-0.49
Show sourceCu++e−⇌CuCu^+ + e^- \rightleftharpoons Cu0.52
Show sourceI3−+2e−⇌3I−I_3^- + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons 3 I^-0.53
Show sourceI2+2e−⇌2I−I_2 + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons 2 I^-0.54
Show sourceMnO4−+e−⇌MnO42−MnO_4^- + e^- \rightleftharpoons MnO_4^{2-}0.56
Show sourceMnO4−+2H2O+2e−⇌MnO2+4OH−MnO_4^- + 2H_2O + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons MnO_2 + 4OH^-0.6
Show sourceBrO−+H2O+2e−⇌Br−+2OH−BrO^- + H_2O + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Br^- + 2OH^-0.76
Show sourceFe3++e−⇌Fe2+Fe^{3+} + e^- \rightleftharpoons Fe^{2+}0.77
Show sourceAgF+e−⇌Ag+F−AgF + e^- \rightleftharpoons Ag + F^-0.78
Show sourceHg22++2e−⇌2HgHg_2^{2+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons 2 Hg0.79
Show sourceNO3−+2H++e−⇌NO2+H2ONO_3^- +2 H^+ + e^- \rightleftharpoons NO_2 +H_2O0.8
Show sourceAg++e−⇌AgAg^+ + e^- \rightleftharpoons Ag0.8
Show sourceHg2++2e−⇌HgHg^{2+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Hg0.85
Show sourceClO−+H2O+2e−⇌Cl−+2OH−ClO^- + H_2O + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Cl^- +2 OH^-0.89
Show source2Hg2++2e−⇌Hg22+2 Hg^{2+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Hg_2^{2+}0.92
Show sourceNO3−+4H++3e−⇌NO+2H2ONO_3^- +4 H^+ + 3 e^- \rightleftharpoons NO + 2H_2O0.96
Show sourcePu4++e−⇌Pu3+Pu^{4+} + e^- \rightleftharpoons Pu^{3+}0.97
Show sourceBr2+2e−⇌2Br−Br_2 + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons 2 Br^-1.09
Show sourcePt2++2e−⇌PtPt^{2+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Pt1.2
Show sourceO2+4H++4e−⇌2H2OO_2 + 4H^+ + 4 e^- \rightleftharpoons 2 H_2O1.23
Show sourceMnO2+4H++2e−⇌Mn2++2H2OMnO_2 + 4 H^+ + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Mn^{2+} + 2 H_2O1.23
Show sourceClO4−+2H++2e−⇌ClO3−+H2OClO_4^- +2 H^+ + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons ClO_3^- +H_2O1.23
Show sourceO3+H2O+2e−⇌O2+2OH−O_3 +H_2O + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons O_2 + 2 OH^-1.24
Show sourceCrO72−+14H++6e−⇌2Cr3−+7H2OCrO_7^{2-} + 14 H^+ + 6 e^- \rightleftharpoons 2 Cr^{3-} +7 H_2O1.33
Show sourceCl2+2e−⇌2Cl−Cl_2 + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons 2 Cl^-1.36
Show sourceAu3++3e−⇌AuAu^{3+} + 3 e^- \rightleftharpoons Au1.4
Show sourceMnO4−+8H++5e−⇌Mn2++4H2OMnO_4^- +8 H^+ + 5 e^- \rightleftharpoons Mn^{2+} + 4H_2O1.51
Show sourceMn3++e−⇌Mn2+Mn^{3+} + e^- \rightleftharpoons Mn^{2+}1.51
Show source2HBrO+2H++2e−⇌Br2+2H2O2 HBrO +2 H^+ + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Br_2 + 2 H_2O1.6
Show sourceCe4++e−⇌Ce3+Ce^{4+} + e^- \rightleftharpoons Ce^{3+}1.61
Show source2HClO+2H++2e−⇌Cl2+2H2O2 HClO +2 H^+ + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Cl_2 + 2 H_2O1.63
Show sourcePb4++2e−⇌Pb2+Pb^{4+} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons Pb^{2+}1.67
Show sourceAu++e−⇌AuAu^+ + e^- \rightleftharpoons Au1.69
Show sourceH2O2+2H++2e−⇌2H2OH_2O_2 +2 H^+ + 2e^- \rightleftharpoons 2 H_2O1.78
Show sourceCo3++e−⇌Co2+Co^{3+} + e^- \rightleftharpoons Co^{2+}1.81
Show sourceAg2++e−⇌Ag+Ag^{2+} + e^- \rightleftharpoons Ag^+1.98
Show sourceS2O82−+2e−⇌2SO42−S_2O_8^{2-} + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons 2 SO_4^{2-}2.05
Show sourceO3+2H++2e−⇌O2+2H2OO_3 +2 H^+ + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons O_2 + 2 H_2O2.07
Show sourceF2+2e−⇌2F−F_2 + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons 2 F^-2.87
Show sourceH4XeO6+2H++2e−⇌XeO3+3H2OH_4XeO_6 +2 H^+ + 2 e^- \rightleftharpoons XeO_3 + 3H_2O3

Some facts#

  • Standard potential of half-cell is electromotive force (EMF) of a cell composed of a reversible half-cell containing ions with unit activity and hydrogen electrode.
  • In other words, the standard potential is the potential of cathode or anode relative to the reference hydrogen electrode.
  • We conventionally assume that the hydrogen electrode has a standard potential equal to zero at each temperature.
  • The standard potential depends on the temperature. The data presented in this calculator concerns the temperature of 25 °C.
  • Knowing the potentials of half-cells (cathode and anode), we can calculate the potential of a cell composed of them:
    E∘=Ecathode∘−Eanode∘E^\circ = E^{\circ}_{cathode} - E^{\circ}_{anode}

    where:
    • E∘E^\circ - standard cell potential,
    • Ecathode∘E^\circ_{cathode} - standard cathode potential,
    • Eanode∘E^\circ_{anode} - standard anode potential.

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