Tables show relative permittivity (to vacuum) of various substances (solvents).

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metals#

Substance	Molecular formula	Relative permittivity ε_r
silicon	Si	11.68

liquids#

Substance	Molecular formula	Relative permittivity ε_r
acetone	(CH₃)₂CO	21.01
glycerin	C₃H₅(OH)₃	46.53
ethanol	C₂H₅OH	25.3
water 20°C	H₂O	80.4
cyclohexane	C₆H₁₂	2.02
carbon sulphide	CS₂	2.63
methanol	CH₃OH	33
acetate acid	CH₃COOH	6.2
benzene	C₆H₆	2.31
toluene	C₆H₅CH₃	2.38
chloroform	CHCl₃	4.81
tetrachloromethane	CCl₄	2.24
diethyl ethere	(C₂H₅)₂O	4.27
nitromethane	CH₃NO₂	37.27

alcohols#

Substance	Molecular formula	Relative permittivity ε_r
ethanol	C₂H₅OH	25.3
methanol	CH₃OH	33

other inorganic#

Substance	Molecular formula	Relative permittivity ε_r
ammonia	NH₃	17
carbon sulphide	CS₂	2.63

gases#

Substance	Molecular formula	Relative permittivity ε_r
ammonia	NH₃	17
dry air (standard conditions, 25°C and 100 kPa)	-	1.00054
hydrogen cyanide	HCN	2.3

hydrocarbons#

Substance	Molecular formula	Relative permittivity ε_r
cyclohexane	C₆H₁₂	2.02
benzene	C₆H₆	2.31
toluene	C₆H₅CH₃	2.38

plastics#

Substance	Molecular formula	Relative permittivity ε_r
polyethylene	-	2.25
rubber, hard	-	7

other materials#

Substance	Molecular formula	Relative permittivity ε_r
paper	-	3.5

inorganic acids#

Substance	Molecular formula	Relative permittivity ε_r
hydrogen cyanide	HCN	2.3
sulfurous (VI) acid	H₂SO₄	84

carboxylic acids#

Substance	Molecular formula	Relative permittivity ε_r
acetate acid	CH₃COOH	6.2

other organic#

Substance	Molecular formula	Relative permittivity ε_r
chloroform	CHCl₃	4.81
tetrachloromethane	CCl₄	2.24
diethyl ethere	(C₂H₅)₂O	4.27
nitromethane	CH₃NO₂	37.27

Some facts#

Simply speaking permittivity tells us how easily electric phenomena propagates withing given medium.
Permittivity is usually denoted by the Greek letter epsilon: $\varepsilon$ .
Electrical permittivity can be defined as the ratio of the electric field induction to the field strength:

$\varepsilon = \dfrac{D}{E}$
The medium with the lowest permittivity is vacuum:

$\varepsilon_0 = 8,854187817... \cdot 10^{-12} \dfrac{F}{m}$
Basic permittivity unit in SI system is farad per meter:

$\dfrac{F}{m}$
Two electrical charges $Q_1$ , $Q_2$ isolated by medium with permittivity $\varepsilon$ , act on themselves with force:

$F = \dfrac{Q_1 Q_2}{4\pi\varepsilon r^2}$
where:
- $F$ - force with which $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ charges interact,
- $Q_1$ - value of first charge,
- $Q_2$ - value of second charge,
- $\varepsilon$ - permittivity of medium between charges,
- $r$ - distance beetween charges.
Relative permittivity is sometimes called dielectric constant.
Relative permittivity tells us how many times the permittivity of a given medium is greater than the permittivity of vacuum:

$\varepsilon_r = \dfrac{\varepsilon}{\varepsilon_0}$
where:
- $\varepsilon_r$ - relative permittivity of medium,
- $\varepsilon$ - absolute permittivity of medium,
- $\varepsilon_0$ - permittivity of vacuum.
Medium permittivity depends on temperature and pressure. Values given in this calculator have been measured at the pressure of 1013,25 hPa and temperature of 20 °C.

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