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Table of elementary particles properties
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Table shows basic properties of elementary particles.

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Historical treat as elementary#

ParticleSymbolMass [kg]Relative mass [u]Charge [c]Relative charge
ProtonShow sourcep, Hp,\ H1.672614×10-271.007276611.6726×10-191
NeutronShow sourcen, 01nn,\ _{0}^{1}n1.67492×10-271.008665200
ElectronShow sourcee, β−, −1 0ne,\ \beta^-,\ ^{\ 0}_{-1}n9.109558×10-310.0005485931.60219×10-19-1

Leptons#

ParticleSymbolMass [MeV]Life time [s]Relative charge
ElectronShow sourcenen_eShow source0.5110.511Show sourcestable\text{stable}-1
Electron neutrinoShow sourceeeShow source<7.3×10−6<7.3\times 10^{-6}Show sourcestable\text{stable}0
MionShow sourcemmShow source105.66105.66Show source2.197×10−62.197\times 10^{-6}-1
Mion neutrinoShow sourcenmn_mShow source<0.25<0.25Show sourcestable\text{stable}0
TauShow sourcettShow source1784.11784.1Show source3.1×10−133.1\times 10^{-13}-1
Tau neutrinoShow sourcentn_tShow source<70<70Show sourcestable\text{stable}0

Quarks#

ParticleSymbolMass [GeV/c²]Relative charge
Quark upShow sourceuuShow source0.002÷0.0080.002 \div 0.0082/3
Quark downShow sourceddShow source0.005÷0.0150.005 \div 0.015-1/3
Quark strangeShow sourcessShow source100÷300100 \div 300-1/3
Quark charmShow sourceccShow source1.3÷1.71.3 \div 1.72/3
Quark beautyShow sourcebbShow source4.7÷5.34.7 \div 5.3-1/3
Quark truthShow sourcettShow source>170>1702/3

Mesons#

ParticleSymbolMass [MeV]Life time [s]
Charged pionShow sourcep+,p−p^{+}, p^{-}Show source139.57139.57Show source2.6×10−82.6 \times 10^{-8}
Neutral pionShow sourcep0p^{0}Show source134.98134.98Show source0.8×10−160.8 \times 10^{-16}
Charged caonShow sourceK+,K−K^{+}, K^{-}Show source493.68493.68Show source1.2×10−81.2 \times 10^{-8}
Neutral caonShow sourceK0,K~0K^0, \widetilde{K}^0Show source497.67497.67Show source0.9×10−10÷5.2×10−80.9 \times 10^{-10} \div 5.2 \times 10^{-8}
Meson hShow sourceh0h^0Show source547.30547.30Show source2.4×10−192.4 \times 10^{-19}

Barions#

ParticleSymbolMass [MeV]Life time [s]
ProtonShow sourcep,p~p, \widetilde{p}Show source938.27938.27Show sourcestable\text{stable}
NeutronShow sourcen,n~n, \widetilde{n}Show source939.56939.56Show source0.9×1030.9 \times 10^3
Hiperon ΛShow sourceΛ,Λ~\Lambda, \widetilde{\Lambda}Show source1115.681115.68Show source2.6×10−102.6 \times 10^{-10}
Hiperon Σ+Show sourceΣ+,Σ~+\Sigma^{+}, \widetilde{\Sigma}^{+}Show source1189.371189.37Show source0.8×10−100.8 \times 10^{-10}
Hiperon S0Show sourceS0,Σ~0S^0, \widetilde{\Sigma}^{0}Show source1192.641192.64Show source7.4×10−207.4 \times 10^{-20}
Hiperon Σ−Show sourceΣ−,Σ~−\Sigma^{-}, \widetilde{\Sigma}^{-}Show source1197.451197.45Show source1.5×10−101.5 \times 10^{-10}
Hiperon Ξ0Show sourceΞ0,Ξ~0\Xi^0, \widetilde{\Xi}^0Show source1314.91314.9Show source2.9×10−102.9 \times 10^{-10}
Hiperon Ξ-Show sourceΞ−,Ξ~−\Xi^-, \widetilde{\Xi}^-Show source1321.321321.32Show source1,6×10−101,6 \times 10^{-10}
Hiperon Ω-Show sourceΩ−,Ω~−\Omega^-, \widetilde{\Omega}^-Show source1672.451672.45Show source0.8×10−100.8 \times 10^{-10}

Some facts#

  • Historically, elementary particles were such objects that have no known internal structure that is, colloquially speaking they are indivisible.
  • With the development of science, particles that were formerly considered indivisible turned out to be assembled from two or more other, smaller particles. Thus, they ceased to be elementary in a literal sense.
  • Currently, elementary particles are used interchangeably with the concept of subatomic particles, i.e. those that are "more elementary", "smaller" than the atom.
  • Traditionally, the elementary particles that make up the atoms are:
    • proton - positively charged particle being part of the atomic nucleus,
    • neutron - particle with a mass similar to proton, however without electric charge ,
    • electron - a particle with a negligible mass (in comparison with proton mass) with negative electric charge.
  • The inert composite atom is of N protons, the same number of electrons and a certain number of neutrons. Because the numbers of electrons and protons in the atom are identical, their charges are balanced and the atom as a whole is electrically neutral.
  • Atoms that differ only in the amount of neutrons are called isotopes .
  • The science department that deals with the study of elementary particles is elementary particle physics.
  • Currently, as many as several hundred of various elementary particles are known. We consider quarks, leptons and bosons transmitting interactions to be "truly" elemental (i.e. without internal structure).
  • Elementary particles can be divided into stable and unstable. The currently known permanent particles are: proton, electron, all neutrinos and photon.

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