Table shows example usage of selected radioisotopes.

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Application of radioisotopes#

Element name	Isotope	Used radiation	Half-life time T_1/2	Example usage
Americium	Show source $^{241}Am$	Show source $\alpha$	432.7 years	smoke detectors (fire protection systems)
Cesium	Show source $^{137}Cs$	Show source $\gamma$	30 years	industrial radiography, cesium bomb, thickness measurements
Phosphorous	Show source $^{32}P$	Show source $\beta$	14.3 days	medicine (treatment of leukemia)
Iridium	Show source $^{192}Ir$	Show source $\gamma$	73.8 days	industrial radiography
Iodine	Show source $^{131}I$	Show source $\gamma$	8 days	medicine (thyroid disease)
Cobalt	Show source $^{60}Co$	Show source $\gamma$	5.26 years	treatment of neoplastic diseases (cobalt bomb), industrial radiography, radiation devices, lithium scale, equipment for measuring the thickness and measuring the level of liquids in tanks
Plutonium	Show source $^{238}Pu$	Show source $\alpha$	87.7 years	smoke detectors
Rubidium	Show source $^{87}Rb$	Show source $\beta$	50000000000 years	radioactive dating
Sulfur	Show source $^{35}S$	Show source $\beta$	87.32 days	marked atom, mainly in the study of organic compounds
Thalium	Show source $^{204}Tl$	Show source $\beta$	3.8 years	thickness measurements
Carbon	Show source $^{14}C$	Show source $\beta$	5570 years	determining the age of excavations, monuments, etc., studying the mechanisms of complex reactions (marked atom)
Hydrogen	Show source $^{3}H$	Show source $\beta$	12.46 years	luminous paints, research on reaction mechanisms (marked atom)

Some facts#

Unstable isotopes undergo radioactive decay creating stable ones.
Radioactive decay is usually related to emision of:
- alpha radiation - composed of helium nuclei $^{4}He^{2+}$ ,
- beta radiation - depending on the decay type composed of electrons ( $\beta^{-}$ decay) or positrons ( $\beta^{+}$ decay) moving at speed comparable to the speed of light,
- gamma radiation - electromagnetic radiation with quant energy above 50 keV.
Unstable nuclei are sometimes called radioactive isotopes or radioisotopes.
Large doses of radiation emitted during nuclear transformations are dangerous to health, and in extreme cases can lead to radiation sickness. On the other hand, small doses such as those that we encounter when taking an X-ray are harmless.
The phenomenon of radioactivity was discovered in 1896 by a French physicist Henri Becquerel. He studied various substances for phosphorescence, including uranium salts.
An important contribution to the understanding of the phenomenon of radioactivity was made by polish chemist Maria Curie-Skłodowska.
In quantitative terms, the unit of radioactivity is 1 bekerel (Bq), which is equivalent to 1 decay per second.

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application_of_radioisotopes · radioisotopes_usage

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zastosowanie_izotopow_promieniotworczych · uzycie_radioizotopow

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TABLE · PHYSICS · CHEMISTRY · A -> Z (all)

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