Acoustic impedance of various materials table
Table shows acoustic impedance of various mediums such as air, water or marble.
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metals#

SubstanceMolecular formulaAcoustic impedance [kgm2s]\left[\frac{kg}{m^2 \cdot s}\right]
aluminum (pure)Al16650900
brass-36777900
cadmium-24220000
copper (pure)Cu42018000
goldAu61824000
ironFe46433000
iron, cast-33152200
leadPb22228360
magnesiumMg10126800
molybdenumMo64890000
monel-46926000
nickelNi49784000
platinumPt70785000
silverAg37764000
steel, carbon-46472000
steel, stainless 304-44660000
tinSn24090000
titaniumTi27694000
tungstenW97864000
uraniumU63580000
zincZn30004800

liquids#

SubstanceMolecular formulaAcoustic impedance [kgm2s]\left[\frac{kg}{m^2 \cdot s}\right]
glycerinC3H5(OH)32394000
ethanolC2H5OH2366400
liquid heliumHe120625
oil, petroleum-1394000
mercuryHg19017600
water 25°CH2O1475664
water, sea-1576960

alcohols#

SubstanceMolecular formulaAcoustic impedance [kgm2s]\left[\frac{kg}{m^2 \cdot s}\right]
ethanolC2H5OH2366400

other materials#

SubstanceMolecular formulaAcoustic impedance [kgm2s]\left[\frac{kg}{m^2 \cdot s}\right]
ice (frozen water, 0°C)H2O3666800
organic glass (plexiglass)-2006000
quartz glass-9860000

gases#

SubstanceMolecular formulaAcoustic impedance [kgm2s]\left[\frac{kg}{m^2 \cdot s}\right]
hydrogenH2106
carbon dioxideCO2505
dry air (standard conditions, 25°C and 100 kPa)-385
oxygenO2452

oxides#

SubstanceMolecular formulaAcoustic impedance [kgm2s]\left[\frac{kg}{m^2 \cdot s}\right]
carbon dioxideCO2505
aluminium oxideAl2O339303000

plastics#

SubstanceMolecular formulaAcoustic impedance [kgm2s]\left[\frac{kg}{m^2 \cdot s}\right]
nylon-4420000
polyethylene-4370000
rubber, hard-2133000
neoprene (polychloroprene)-1968000
teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)(C2F4)n3080000

wood#

SubstanceMolecular formulaAcoustic impedance [kgm2s]\left[\frac{kg}{m^2 \cdot s}\right]
fir wood-2200500
pine wood-2618000

solids#

SubstanceMolecular formulaAcoustic impedance [kgm2s]\left[\frac{kg}{m^2 \cdot s}\right]
neoprene (polychloroprene)-1968000
teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE)(C2F4)n3080000
marble-10328910
concrete-9500000

Some facts#

  • The acoustic impedance is a measure of resistance to the propagating sound wave.
  • The acoustic impedance is specific for a given medium. In the case when the medium consists of one substance (the medium is homogeneous) it is identical with the acoustic impedance of the substance.
  • The acoustic resistance depends on the density of the medium and the speed of sound in this medium:
    Z=dcZ = d \cdot c
    where:
  • The acoustic impedance is most often denoted by a capital letter Z or capital letter R.
  • The unit of acoustic impedance in the SI system is kilogram per meter square per second:
    kgm2s\frac{kg}{m^2 \cdot s}
  • The acoustic impedance depends to the greatest extent on the density of the medium. For example, the acoustic resistance of gases is several orders of magnitude smaller than solids. Similarly, in the case of two solids materials, the medium with higher density have greater acoustic impedance (e.g. concrete) and vice versa (e.g. wood or polystyrene have poor acoustic impdedance).
  • In the case of two solids of similar density medium in which acoustic wave moves faster have higher acoustic impedance. For example, teflon and concrete have a similar density (approx. 2000-2500 kg/m3) but concrete has greater impedance - sound moves almost three times faster in the concrete.

See also#

If you're interested in calculators related to acoustics, check out our other calculators:
  • Sound intensity level (dB) - if you want to learn what is decibel and how the sound intensity level is measured,
  • Sound velocity in materials - if you want to learn how the type of substance affects the speed of acoustic wave propagation,
  • Acoustic impedance of substances - if you want to learn what is acoustic impedance and how it depends on the type of substance,
  • Sound wave reflection - if you want to find out how an acoustic wave behaves when it encounters an obstacle in the form of media boundary,
  • Mass law: single wall - if you're interested in building acoustics and would like to estimate the acoustic insulation of a single wall,
  • Mass law: double wall - if you're interested in building acoustics and would like to estimate the acoustic insulation of a double wall with an air gap between the walls,
  • Sound absorption coefficients - if you're interested in acoustic adaptation of room and you would like to learn how different materials absorb the acoustic wave,
  • Noise propagation - if you want to learn how sound intensity level changes with distance from the source,
  • Sound insulation countours - if you want to learn more about acoustic insulation assessment standards used over the world,
  • Sound reduction index (SRI) - if you're searching for acoustic insulation of popular building materials expressed in the coefficient Rw,
  • Sound transmission class (STC) - if you're searching for acoustic insulation of popular building materials expressed by the index STC.

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