Table of natural satellites in the Solar System
Table shows all known, natural satellites (i.e. moons) of the planets in Solar System including some common characteristics such as mean radius, semi-major axis, sidereal period or discovery year.

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Earth#

NumeralNameMean radius [km]Semi-major axis [km]Sidereal period (r = retrograde)Discovery yearDiscovered by
IMoon1737.10384.39927.321582prehistoric

Mars#

NumeralNameMean radius [km]Semi-major axis [km]Sidereal period (r = retrograde)Discovery yearDiscovered by
IPhobos11.1 ± 0.159.3800.3191877Hall
IIDeimos6.2 ± 0.1823.4601.2621877Hall

Jupiter#

NumeralNameMean radius [km]Semi-major axis [km]Sidereal period (r = retrograde)Discovery yearDiscovered by
IIo1818.1 ± 0.1421.8001.7691610Galileo
IIEuropa1560.7 ± 0.7671.1003.5511610Galileo
IIIGanymede2634.1 ± 0.31.070.4007.1551610Galileo
IVCallisto2408.4 ± 0.31.882.70016.691610Galileo
VAmalthea83.45 ± 2.4181.4000.4981892Barnard
VIHimalia67 ± 1011.461.000250.561904Perrine
VIIElara4311.741.000259.641905Perrine
VIIIPasiphae3023.624.000743.63 (r)1908Melotte
IXSinope1923.939.000758.90 (r)1914Nicholson
XLysithea1811.717.000259.201938Nicholson
XICarme2323.404.000734.17 (r)1938Nicholson
XIIAnanke1421.276.000629.77 (r)1951Nicholson
XIIILeda1011.165.000240.921974Kowal
XIVThebe49.3 ± 2.0221.9000.6751979Synnott (Voyager 1)
XVAdrastea8.2 ± 2.0129.0000.2981979Jewitt. Danielson (Voyager 1)
XVIMetis21.5 ± 2.0128.0000.2951979Synnott (Voyager 1)
XVIICallirrhoe4.324.103.000758.77 (r)2000Scotti. Spahr. McMillan. Larsen. Montani. Gleason. Gehrels
XVIIIThemisto4.07.284.000130.021975/2000Kowal and Roemer (original); Sheppard. Jewitt. Fernández. Magnier (rediscovery)
XIXMegaclite2.723.493.000752.86 (r)2000Sheppard. Jewitt. Fernández. Magnier. Dahm. Evans
XXTaygete2.523.280.000732.41 (r)2000Sheppard. Jewitt. Fernández. Magnier. Dahm. Evans
XXIChaldene1.923.100.000723.72 (r)2000Sheppard. Jewitt. Fernández. Magnier. Dahm. Evans
XXIIHarpalyke2.220.858.000623.32 (r)2000Sheppard. Jewitt. Fernández. Magnier. Dahm. Evans
XXIIIKalyke2.623.483.000742.06 (r)2000Sheppard. Jewitt. Fernández. Magnier. Dahm. Evans
XXIVIocaste2.621.060.000631.60 (r)2000Sheppard. Jewitt. Fernández. Magnier. Dahm. Evans
XXVErinome1.623.196.000728.46 (r)2000Sheppard. Jewitt. Fernández. Magnier. Dahm. Evans
XXVIIsonoe1.923.155.000726.23 (r)2000Sheppard. Jewitt. Fernández. Magnier. Dahm. Evans
XXVIIPraxidike3.420.908.000625.39 (r)2000Sheppard. Jewitt. Fernández. Magnier. Dahm. Evans
XXVIIIAutonoe2.024.046.000760.95 (r)2001Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
XXIXThyone2.020.939.000627.21 (r)2001Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
XXXHermippe2.021.131.000633.9 (r)2001Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
XXXIAitne1.523.229.000730.18 (r)2001Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
XXXIIEurydome1.522.865.000717.33 (r)2001Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
XXXIIIEuanthe1.520.797.000620.49 (r)2001Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
XXXIVEuporie1.019.304.000550.74 (r)2001Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
XXXVOrthosie1.020.720.000622.56 (r)2001Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
XXXVISponde1.023.487.000748.34 (r)2001Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
XXXVIIKale1.023.217.000729.47 (r)2001Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
XXXVIIIPasithee1.023.004.000719.44 (r)2001Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
XXXIXHegemone1.523.577.000739.88 (r)2003Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Fernández
XLMneme1.021.035.000620.04 (r)2003Gladman. Allen
XLIAoede2.023.980.000761.50 (r)2003Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Fernández. Hsieh
XLIIThelxinoe1.021.164.000628.09 (r)2003Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Gladman. Kavelaars. Petit. Allen
XLIIIArche1.523.355.000731.95 (r)2002Sheppard. Meech. Hsieh. Tholen. Tonry
XLIVKallichore1.023.288.000728.73 (r)2003Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Fernández
XLVHelike2.021.069.000626.32 (r)2003Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Fernández. Hsieh
XLVICarpo1.517.058.000456.302003Sheppard. Gladman. Kavelaars. Petit. Allen. Jewitt. Kleyna
XLVIIEukelade2.023.328.000730.47 (r)2003Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Fernández. Hsieh
XLVIIICyllene1.023.809.000752 (r)2003Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
XLIXKore1.024.543.000779.17 (r)2003Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
LHerse1.022.983.000714.51 (r)2003Gladman. Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Kavelaars. Petit. Allen
LIS/2010 J 11.023.314.335723.2 (r)2010Jacobson. Brozović. Gladman. Alexandersen
LIIS/2010 J 20.520.307.150588.1 (r)2010Veillet
LIIIDia2.012.570.000287.932001Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Fernández. Hsieh
LIVS/2016 J 13.020.595.480602.7 (r)2016Sheppard
LVS/2003 J 181.020.426.000596.58 (r)2003Gladman. Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Kavelaars. Petit. Allen
LVIS/2011 J 20.523.329.710726.8 (r)2011Sheppard
LVIIS/2003 J 52.023.498.000738.74 (r)2003Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Fernández. Hsieh
LVIIIS/2003 J 151.022.630.000689.77 (r)2003Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Fernández
LIXS/2017 J 12.023.483.978734.2 (r)2017Sheppard
LXS/2003 J 31.020.224.000583.88 (r)2003Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Fernández. Hsieh
S/2003 J 21.028.455.000981.55 (r)2003Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Fernández. Hsieh
S/2003 J 41.023.933.000755.26 (r)2003Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Fernández. Hsieh
S/2003 J 90.523.388.000733.30 (r)2003Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Fernández
S/2003 J 101.023.044.000716.25 (r)2003Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Fernández
S/2003 J 120.517.833.000489.72 (r)2003Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Fernández
S/2003 J 161.020.956.000616.33 (r)2003Gladman. Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Kavelaars. Petit. Allen
S/2003 J 191.023.535.000740.43 (r)2003Gladman. Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Kavelaars. Petit. Allen
S/2003 J 231.023.566.000732.45 (r)2004Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Fernández
S/2011 J 10.520.155.290580.7 (r)2011Sheppard

Saturn#

NumeralNameMean radius [km]Semi-major axis [km]Sidereal period (r = retrograde)Discovery yearDiscovered by
IMimas198.2 ± 0.4185.5400.9421789Herschel
IIEnceladus252.3 ± 0.6238.0401.3701789Herschel
IIITethys536.3 ± 1.5294.6701.8881684Cassini
IVDione562.5 ± 1.5377.4202.7371684Cassini
VRhea764.5 ± 2.0527.0704.5181672Cassini
VITitan2575.5 ± 2.01.221.87015.951655Huygens
VIIHyperion133.0 ± 8.01.500.88021.281848W.Bond. G. Bond. and Lassell
VIIIIapetus734.5 ± 4.03.560.84079.331671Cassini
IXPhoebe106.6 ± 1.112.947.780550.31 (r)1899Pickering
XJanus90.4 ± 3.0151.4600.6951966Dollfus
XIEpimetheus58.3 ± 3.1151.4100.6941980Walker
XIIHelene16 ± 4377.4202.7371980Laques. Lecacheux
XIIITelesto12 ± 3294.7101.8881980Smith. Reitsema. Larson. Fountain (Voyager 1)
XIVCalypso9.5 ± 1.5294.7101.8881980Pascu. Seidelmann. Baum. Currie
XVAtlas15.3 ± 1.2137.6700.6021980Terrile (Voyager 1)
XVIPrometheus46.8 ± 5.6139.3800.6131980Collins (Voyager 1)
XVIIPandora40.6 ± 4.5141.7200.6291980Collins (Voyager 1)
XVIIIPan12.8133.5800.5751990Showalter (Voyager 2)
XIXYmir923.140.4001.315.58 (r)2000Gladman
XXPaaliaq1115.200.000686.952000Gladman
XXITarvos7.517.983.000926.232000Gladman. Kavelaars
XXIIIjiraq611.124.000451.422000Gladman. Kavelaars
XXIIISuttungr3.519.459.0001.016.67 (r)2000Gladman. Kavelaars
XXIVKiviuq811.110.000449.222000Gladman
XXVMundilfari3.518.628.000952.77 (r)2000Gladman. Kavelaars
XXVIAlbiorix1616.182.000783.452000Holman. Spahr
XXVIISkathi415.540.000728.20 (r)2000Gladman. Kavelaars
XXVIIIErriapus517.343.000871.192000Gladman. Kavelaars
XXIXSiarnaq2018.015.400896.442000Gladman. Kavelaars
XXXThrymr3.520.314.0001.094.11 (r)2000Gladman. Kavelaars
XXXINarvi3.519.007.0001.003.86 (r)2003Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
XXXIIMethone1.6194.4401.0102004Porco. Charnoz. Brahic. Dones (Cassini–Huygens)
XXXIIIPallene2212.2801.1542004Gordon. Murray. Beurle. et al. (Cassini–Huygens)
XXXIVPolydeuces1.25377.2002.7372004Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens)
XXXVDaphnis3–4136.5000.5942005Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens)
XXXVIAegir320.751.0001.117.52 (r)2004Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Marsden
XXXVIIBebhionn317.119.000834.842004Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Marsden
XXXVIIIBergelmir319.336.0001.005.74 (r)2004Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Marsden
XXXIXBestla3.520.192.0001.088.72 (r)2004Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Marsden
XLFarbauti2.520.377.0001.085.55 (r)2004Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Marsden
XLIFenrir222.454.0001.260.35 (r)2004Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Marsden
XLIIFornjot325.146.0001.494.2 (r)2004Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Marsden
XLIIIHati319.846.0001.038.61 (r)2004Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Marsden
XLIVHyrrokkin418.437.000931.86 (r)2006Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
XLVKari3.522.089.0001.230.97 (r)2006Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
XLVILoge323.058.0001.311.36 (r)2006Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
XLVIISkoll317.665.000878.29 (r)2006Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
XLVIIISurtur322.704.0001.297.36 (r)2006Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
XLIXAnthe1197.7001.03652007Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens)
LJarnsaxa318.811.000964.74 (r)2006Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
LIGreip318.206.000921.19 (r)2006Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
LIITarqeq3.518.009.000887.482007Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
LIIIAegaeon0.25167.5000.8082008Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–Huygens
S/2004 S 7320.999.0001.140.24 (r)2004Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Marsden
S/2004 S 122.519.878.0001.046.19 (r)2004Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Marsden
S/2004 S 13318.404.000933.48 (r)2004Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Marsden
S/2004 S 17219.447.0001.014.70 (r)2004Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna. Marsden
S/2006 S 1318.790.000963.37 (r)2006Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
S/2006 S 3322.096.0001.227.21 (r)2006Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
S/2007 S 2316.725.000808.08 (r)2007Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
S/2007 S 3318.975.000977.8 (r)2007Sheppard. Jewitt. Kleyna
S/2009 S 10.15117.0000.4712009Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–Huygens

Uranus#

NumeralNameMean radius [km]Semi-major axis [km]Sidereal period (r = retrograde)Discovery yearDiscovered by
IAriel578.9 ± 0.6190.9002.5201851Lassell
IIUmbriel584.7 ± 2.8266.0004.1441851Lassell
IIITitania788.9 ± 1.8436.3008.7061787Herschel
IVOberon761.4 ± 2.6583.50013.461787Herschel
VMiranda235.8 ± 0.7129.9001.4131948Kuiper
VICordelia20.1 ± 349.8000.3351986Terrile (Voyager 2)
VIIOphelia21.4 ± 453.8000.3761986Terrile (Voyager 2)
VIIIBianca25.7 ± 259.2000.4351986Smith (Voyager 2)
IXCressida39.8 ± 261.8000.4641986Synnott (Voyager 2)
XDesdemona32.0 ± 462.7000.4741986Synnott (Voyager 2)
XIJuliet46.8 ± 464.4000.4931986Synnott (Voyager 2)
XIIPortia67.6 ± 466.1000.5131986Synnott (Voyager 2)
XIIIRosalind36 ± 669.9000.5581986Synnott (Voyager 2)
XIVBelinda40.3 ± 875.3000.6241986Synnott (Voyager 2)
XVPuck81 ± 286.0000.7621985Synnott (Voyager 2)
XVICaliban497.231.100579.73 (r)1997Gladman. Nicholson. Burns. Kavelaars
XVIISycorax7512.179.4001.288.38 (r)1997Gladman. Nicholson. Burns. Kavelaars
XVIIIProspero2516.256.0001.978.29 (r)1999Gladman. Holman. Kavelaars. Petit. Scholl
XIXSetebos2417.418.0002.225.21 (r)1999Gladman. Holman. Kavelaars. Petit. Scholl
XXStephano108.004.000677.36 (r)1999Gladman. Holman. Kavelaars. Petit. Scholl
XXITrinculo58.504.000749.24 (r)2001Holman. Kavelaars. Milisavljevic
XXIIFrancisco64.276.000266.56 (r)2001Holman. Kavelaars. Milisavljevic. Gladman
XXIIIMargaret5.514.345.0001.687.012003Sheppard. Jewitt
XXIVFerdinand620.901.0002.887.21 (r)2001Holman. Kavelaars. Milisavljevic. et al.
XXVPerdita1076.4170.6381986Karkoschka (Voyager 2)
XXVIMab597.7360.9232003Showalter. Lissauer
XXVIICupid574.3920.6132003Showalter. Lissauer

Neptune#

NumeralNameMean radius [km]Semi-major axis [km]Sidereal period (r = retrograde)Discovery yearDiscovered by
ITriton1353.4 ± 0.9354.8005.877 (r)1846Lassell
IINereid170 ± 255.513.820360.141949Kuiper
IIINaiad33 ± 348.2270.2941989Terrile (Voyager 2)
IVThalassa41 ± 350.0750.3111989Terrile (Voyager 2)
VDespina75 ± 352.5260.3351989Synnott (Voyager 2)
VIGalatea88 ± 461.9530.4291989Synnott (Voyager 2)
VIILarissa97 ± 373.5480.5551982Reitsema. Hubbard. Lebofsky. Tholen (Voyager 2)
VIIIProteus210 ± 7117.6471.1221989Synnott (Voyager 2)
IXHalimede3115.728.0001.879.71 (r)2002Holman. Kavelaars. Grav. Fraser. Milisavljevic
XPsamathe2046.695.0009.115.91 (r)2003Jewitt. Kleyna. Sheppard. Holman. Kavelaars
XISao2222.422.0002.914.072002Holman. Kavelaars. Grav. Fraser. Milisavljevic
XIILaomedeia2123.571.0003.167.852002Holman. Kavelaars. Grav. Fraser. Milisavljevic
XIIINeso3048.387.0009.373.99 (r)2002Holman. Kavelaars. Grav. Fraser. Milisavljevic
S/2004 N 18–10105.2830.93622013Showalter et al.

Pluto#

NumeralNameMean radius [km]Semi-major axis [km]Sidereal period (r = retrograde)Discovery yearDiscovered by
ICharon603.6 ± 1.419.5916.3871978Christy
IINix23.0 ± 248.67124.852005Weaver. Stern. Buie. et al.
IIIHydra30.5 ± 464.69838.202005Weaver. Stern. Buie. et al.
IVKerberos14.057.72932.172011Showalter (Hubble)
VStyx10.042.39320.162012Showalter (Hubble)

Haumea#

NumeralNameMean radius [km]Semi-major axis [km]Sidereal period (r = retrograde)Discovery yearDiscovered by
IHiʻiaka~16049.500 ± 40049.12 ± 0.032005Brown et al.
IINamaka~8539.000 (r)34.7 ± 0.12005Brown et al.

Makemake (Easterbunny)#

NumeralNameMean radius [km]Semi-major axis [km]Sidereal period (r = retrograde)Discovery yearDiscovered by
S/2015 (136472) 1~802016Parker et al.

Eris#

NumeralNameMean radius [km]Semi-major axis [km]Sidereal period (r = retrograde)Discovery yearDiscovered by
IDysnomia257 ± 11037.370 ± 15015.774 ± 0.0022005Brown. Rabinowitz. Trujillo et al.

Some facts#

  • Satellite is a celestial body, that circulates around the planet, dwarf planet or planetoid.
  • Depending on the origin, we talk about natural satellites (e.g. the moon of the Earth) or artificial satellites (e.g. Sputnik 1).
  • Natural satellites are commonly called moons.
  • In order for a body to become a satellite of a given planet, it should be given a speed of at least as much as the first space speed:
    vI=GMRv_I = \sqrt{\dfrac{GM}{R}}
    where:
  • Earth has only one natural satellite simply called The Moon. However, there are planets that have more natural satellites, e.g. as many as 27 moons of Uranus have been discovered.

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