Table of substances permittivity
Tables show relative permittivity (to vacuum) of various substances (solvents).

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metals#

SubstanceMolecular formulaRelative permittivity εr
siliconSi11.68

liquids#

SubstanceMolecular formulaRelative permittivity εr
acetone(CH3)2CO21.01
glycerinC3H5(OH)346.53
ethanolC2H5OH25.3
water 20°CH2O80.4
cyclohexaneC6H122.02
carbon sulphideCS22.63
methanolCH3OH33
acetate acidCH3COOH6.2
benzeneC6H62.31
tolueneC6H5CH32.38
chloroformCHCl34.81
tetrachloromethaneCCl42.24
diethyl ethere(C2H5)2O4.27
nitromethaneCH3NO237.27

alcohols#

SubstanceMolecular formulaRelative permittivity εr
ethanolC2H5OH25.3
methanolCH3OH33

other inorganic#

SubstanceMolecular formulaRelative permittivity εr
ammoniaNH317
carbon sulphideCS22.63

gases#

SubstanceMolecular formulaRelative permittivity εr
ammoniaNH317
dry air (standard conditions, 25°C and 100 kPa)-1.00054
hydrogen cyanideHCN2.3

hydrocarbons#

SubstanceMolecular formulaRelative permittivity εr
cyclohexaneC6H122.02
benzeneC6H62.31
tolueneC6H5CH32.38

plastics#

SubstanceMolecular formulaRelative permittivity εr
polyethylene-2.25
rubber, hard-7

other materials#

SubstanceMolecular formulaRelative permittivity εr
paper-3.5

inorganic acids#

SubstanceMolecular formulaRelative permittivity εr
hydrogen cyanideHCN2.3
sulfurous (VI) acidH2SO484

carboxylic acids#

SubstanceMolecular formulaRelative permittivity εr
acetate acidCH3COOH6.2

other organic#

SubstanceMolecular formulaRelative permittivity εr
chloroformCHCl34.81
tetrachloromethaneCCl42.24
diethyl ethere(C2H5)2O4.27
nitromethaneCH3NO237.27

Some facts#

  • Simply speaking permittivity tells us how easily electric phenomena propagates withing given medium.
  • Permittivity is usually denoted by the Greek letter epsilon: ε\varepsilon.
  • Electrical permittivity can be defined as the ratio of the electric field induction to the field strength:
    ε=DE\varepsilon = \dfrac{D}{E}
  • The medium with the lowest permittivity is vacuum:
    ε0=8,854187817...1012Fm\varepsilon_0 = 8,854187817... \cdot 10^{-12} \dfrac{F}{m}
  • Basic permittivity unit in SI system is farad per meter:
    Fm\dfrac{F}{m}
  • Two electrical charges Q1Q_1, Q2Q_2 isolated by medium with permittivity ε\varepsilon, act on themselves with force:
    F=Q1Q24πεr2F = \dfrac{Q_1 Q_2}{4\pi\varepsilon r^2}
    where:
    • FF - force with which Q1Q_1 and Q2Q_2 charges interact,
    • Q1Q_1 - value of first charge,
    • Q2Q_2 - value of second charge,
    • ε\varepsilon - permittivity of medium between charges,
    • rr - distance beetween charges.
  • Relative permittivity is sometimes called dielectric constant.
  • Relative permittivity tells us how many times the permittivity of a given medium is greater than the permittivity of vacuum:
    εr=εε0\varepsilon_r = \dfrac{\varepsilon}{\varepsilon_0}
    where:
    • εr\varepsilon_r - relative permittivity of medium,
    • ε\varepsilon - absolute permittivity of medium,
    • ε0\varepsilon_0 - permittivity of vacuum.
  • Medium permittivity depends on temperature and pressure. Values given in this calculator have been measured at the pressure of 1013,25 hPa and temperature of 20 °C.

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