Energy units converter
Energy units converter. Converts joules, calories, many physical, british, american and time related units.

Inputs data - value and unit, which we're going to convert

 Value Unit joule [J]calorie [cal]kilo-calorie [kcal]kilowatt-hour [kW·h]yottajoule [YJ]zettajoule [ZJ]exajoule [EJ]petajoule [PJ]terajoule [TJ]gigajoule [GJ]megajoule [MJ]kilojoule [kJ]hectojoule [hJ]decajoule [daJ]joule [J]decijoule [dJ]centijoule [cJ]millijoule [mJ]microjoule [µJ]nanojoule [nJ]picojoule [pJ]femtojoule [fJ]attojoule [aJ]zeptojoule [zJ]yoctojoule [yJ]British thermal unit (thermochemical) [BTUth]British thermal unit (ISO) [BTUISO]British thermal unit (63 °F) [BTU63 °F]British thermal unit (60 °F) [BTU60 °F]British thermal unit (59 °F) [BTU59 °F]British thermal unit (International Table) [BTUIT]British thermal unit (mean) [BTUmean]British thermal unit (39 °F) [BTU39]cubic foot of atmosphere [cu ft atm; scf]cubic yard of atmosphere [cu yd atm; scy]cubic foot of natural gasfoot-poundal [ft pdl]foot-pound force [ft lbf]gallon-atmosphere (US) [US gal atm]gallon-atmosphere (imperial) [imp gal atm]inch-pound force [in lbf]quadtherm (U.S.)therm (E.C.)calorie (20 °C) [cal20 °C]calorie (thermochemical) [calth]calorie (15 °C) [cal15 °C]calorie (International Table) [calIT]calorie (mean) [calmean]calorie (3.98 °C) [cal3.98 °C]kilocalorie [kcal]large calorie [Cal]atomic unit of energy [au]Celsius heat unit (International Table) [CHUIT]cubic centimetre of atmosphere; standard cubic centimetre [cc atm; scc]electronvolt [eV]kilojoule per mol [kJ/mol]erg (cgs unit) [erg]litre-atmosphere [l atm]hartree [Eh]rydberg [Ry]thermie [th]horsepower-hour [hp·h]watt-second [W·s]watt-hour [W·h]kilowatt-second [kW·s]kilowatt-hour [kW·h]barrel of oil equivalent [bboe]ton of TNT [tTNT]ton of coal equivalent [TCE]ton of oil equivalent [TOE] Decimals 0123456789

1 (joule) is equal to:

 Unit Symbol Symbol(plain text) Value joule Show source$J$ J 1 calorie Show source$cal$ cal 0.238845897 kilo-calorie Show source$kcal$ kcal 0.000238846 kilowatt-hour Show source$kW \times h$ kW·h 2.777777778×10-7
 Unit Symbol Symbol(plain text) Value yottajoule Show source$YJ$ YJ 1×10-24 zettajoule Show source$ZJ$ ZJ 1×10-21 exajoule Show source$EJ$ EJ 1×10-18 petajoule Show source$PJ$ PJ 1×10-15 terajoule Show source$TJ$ TJ 1×10-12 gigajoule Show source$GJ$ GJ 1×10-9 megajoule Show source$MJ$ MJ 0.000001 kilojoule Show source$kJ$ kJ 0.001 hectojoule Show source$hJ$ hJ 0.01 decajoule Show source$daJ$ daJ 0.1 joule Show source$J$ J 1 decijoule Show source$dJ$ dJ 10 centijoule Show source$cJ$ cJ 100 millijoule Show source$mJ$ mJ 1000 microjoule Show source$\mu J$ µJ 1000000 nanojoule Show source$nJ$ nJ 1000000000 picojoule Show source$pJ$ pJ 1×1012 femtojoule Show source$fJ$ fJ 1×1015 attojoule Show source$aJ$ aJ 1×1018 zeptojoule Show source$zJ$ zJ 1×1021 yoctojoule Show source$yJ$ yJ 1×1024
 Unit Symbol Symbol(plain text) Value British thermal unit (thermochemical) Show source$BTU_{th}$ BTUth 0.000948452 British thermal unit (ISO) Show source$BTU_{ISO}$ BTUISO 0.000948317 British thermal unit (63 °F) Show source$BTU_{63^\circ F}$ BTU63 °F 0.000948227 British thermal unit (60 °F) Show source$BTU_{60^\circ F}$ BTU60 °F 0.000948155 British thermal unit (59 °F) Show source$BTU_{59^\circ F}$ BTU59 °F 0.000948043 British thermal unit (International Table) Show source$BTU_{IT}$ BTUIT 0.000947817 British thermal unit (mean) Show source$BTU_{mean}$ BTUmean 0.000947086 British thermal unit (39 °F) Show source$BTU_{39^\circ F}$ BTU39 0.00094369 cubic foot of atmosphere Show source$ft^3 \times atm$ cu ft atm; scf 0.000348529 cubic yard of atmosphere Show source$yd^3 \times atm$ cu yd atm; scy 0.000012908 cubic foot of natural gas Show source 9.478171203×10-7 foot-poundal Show source$\text{ft pdl}$ ft pdl 23.730360404 foot-pound force Show source$\text{ft lbf}$ ft lbf 0.737562149 gallon-atmosphere (US) Show source$\text{US gal atm}$ US gal atm 0.002607175 gallon-atmosphere (imperial) Show source$\text{imp gal atm}$ imp gal atm 0.002170928 inch-pound force Show source$\text{in lbf}$ in lbf 8.850745791 quad Show source 9.478171203×10-19 therm (U.S.) Show source 9.48043428×10-9 therm (E.C.) Show source 9.478171203×10-9
 Unit Symbol Symbol(plain text) Value calorie (20 °C) Show source$cal_{20^\circ C}$ cal20 °C 0.239125756 calorie (thermochemical) Show source$cal_{th}$ calth 0.239005736 calorie (15 °C) Show source$cal_{15^\circ C}$ cal15 °C 0.238920081 calorie (International Table) Show source$cal_{IT}$ calIT 0.238845897 calorie (mean) Show source$cal_{mean}$ calmean 0.238662345 calorie (3.98 °C) Show source$cal_{3.98^\circ C}$ cal3.98 °C 0.237840409 kilocalorie Show source$kcal$ kcal 0.000238846 large calorie Show source$Cal$ Cal 0.000238846
 Unit Symbol Symbol(plain text) Value atomic unit of energy Show source$au$ au 2.293712658×1017 Celsius heat unit (International Table) Show source$CHU_{IT}$ CHUIT 0.000526565 cubic centimetre of atmosphere; standard cubic centimetre Show source$\text{cc atm; scc}$ cc atm; scc 9.869232667 electronvolt Show source$eV$ eV 6.241511544×1018 kilojoule per mol Show source$\frac{kJ}{mol}$ kJ/mol 6.022434489×1020 erg (cgs unit) Show source$erg$ erg 10000000 litre-atmosphere Show source$\text{l atm}$ l atm 0.009869233 hartree Show source$E_h$ Eh 2.293712658×1017 rydberg Show source$Ry$ Ry 4.587425317×1017 thermie Show source$th$ th 2.388458966×10-7
 Unit Symbol Symbol(plain text) Value horsepower-hour Show source$hp \times h$ hp·h 3.72506136×10-7 watt-second Show source$W \times s$ W·s 1 watt-hour Show source$W \times h$ W·h 0.000277778 kilowatt-second Show source$kW \times s$ kW·s 0.001 kilowatt-hour Show source$kW \times h$ kW·h 2.777777778×10-7
 Unit Symbol Symbol(plain text) Value barrel of oil equivalent Show source$bboe$ bboe 1.633986928×10-10 ton of TNT Show source$tTNT$ tTNT 2.390057361×10-10 ton of coal equivalent Show source$TCE$ TCE 3.412084238×10-11 ton of oil equivalent Show source$TOE$ TOE 2.388458966×10-11

Some facts

• Energy is the scalar physical quantity expressing the ability to do the work.
• Energy is additive. This means that the total energy of the system consisting of the N objects, is the sum of the energy of each of the bodies.
• The kinetic energy is work to be done in order to provide the body with mass m, velocity V. It amounts to:
$E_{kin.} = \frac{m \times V^2}{2}$
where:
• $E_{kin.}$ is the kinetic energy,
• $m$ is the mass,
• $V$ is the value of the velocity vector.
• The potential energy at the point $\vec{x_0}$ is work to be done to put the body at this point (moving them from infinity).
• There are many different symbols used for potential energy depending on kind of science. Most common are U, V, or simply Epot..
• Potential energy can be negative. This means that we don't need to perform the work to put the body in the current positions at all, but also it is needed to do the work to corrupt current system. In this case we say that system is in a bound. A good example here are chemical molecules that are associated systems, because we need to do work to break chemical bonds.
• The function $U=f(\vec{x})$, which assigns value of potential energy to each point x is commonly called potential energy surface. Sometimes, when people want to mark that surface have more than 3 dimensions (degree of freedom), they use term hipersurface. The concept of (hiper)surface of potential energy is widely used for example in quantum chemistry or physics of the atomic nucleus.
• There are many forms of energy for example: heat or electrical.
• The basic energy unit in SI system is 1J (one jul), so it's the same as unit of work. However, for practical reasons many different units are used depending on kind of science for example:
• elektronovolts (eV) in high-energy physics,
• atomic units (au) in quantum chemistry,
• calories in dietetic,
• horsepower in automotive industry.
• The average kinetic energy of single particle divided by the number of degrees of freedom is temperature of the system. Such concepts owe the development of statistical thermodynamics (physics), which made it possible to link the micro state (individual particles level) with macroscopic quantities (such as temperature, pressure). Previously, the concept of micro and macroscopic were independent. It is worth noting that the concept of temperature has only statistical meaning. This means for example that temperature for single particle has no meaning.
• One of the fundamental laws of nature is the desire to minimize energy. There are no known causes of this fact, but an enormous amount of physical theory is based on this postulate. Very often the solution to a practical problem boils down to mininimalization energy problem. Examples include:
• Molecular mechanics - the way of finding optimal molecule geometry using clasical Newton dynamic.
• Variational methods - the set of general methods, that searches for wave functions, for which the system gives minimal average energy (formally the average value of the Hamiltonian). Good examples are Hartree-fock equations, which (together with Density Functional Theory - DFT) are the foundations of modern quantum-mechanical calculations.
• Chemical reaction paths - sets of methods trying to search for optimal trace on energy surface.
A common feature of all of the above examples, it is asking "what to do to reach a minimum of energy."
From a mathematical point of view, that are classic optimization problems. Mathematical apparatus that deals with this kind of problem is - depending on whether we are looking for the numbers or functions - calculus or calculus of variations.
• If we have the potential energy surface, we can get forces that operate in various points in the system. To do this we need to calculate the energy derivative dE/dx in point. This fact is due to the reversal of the definition of work (integral of the product of the displacement and the applied force). Such a procedure may be used for numerical optimization of the geometry of the system. To do this we need to repeat in loop (as long as there are forces in the system):
• Compute forces working for each particle by computing derivate:
$\vec{F_0} = \frac{\partial{E}}{\partial{\vec{x_0}}}$
• Move particles by computed forces.
Above procedure is widely used in many numerical simulations for example in quantum chemistry.

How to convert

• Enter the number to field "value" - enter the NUMBER only, no other words, symbols or unit names. You can use dot (.) or comma (,) to enter fractions.
Examples:
• 1000000
• 123,23
• 999.99999
• Find and select your starting unit in field "unit". Some unit calculators have huge number of different units to select from - it's just how complicated our world is...
• And... you got the result in the table below. You'll find several results for many different units - we show you all results we know at once. Just find the one you're looking for.

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