Inputs data - value and unit, which we're going to convert

1 (joule) is equal to:

common use

Unit	Symbol	Symbol (plain text)	Value
joule	Show source $J$	J	1
calorie	Show source $cal$	cal	0.238845897
kilo-calorie	Show source $kcal$	kcal	0.000238846
kilowatt-hour	Show source $kW \times h$	kW·h	2.777777778×10^-7

Unit	Symbol	Symbol (plain text)	Value
yottajoule	Show source $YJ$	YJ	1×10^-24
zettajoule	Show source $ZJ$	ZJ	1×10^-21
exajoule	Show source $EJ$	EJ	1×10^-18
petajoule	Show source $PJ$	PJ	1×10^-15
terajoule	Show source $TJ$	TJ	1×10^-12
gigajoule	Show source $GJ$	GJ	1×10^-9
megajoule	Show source $MJ$	MJ	0.000001
kilojoule	Show source $kJ$	kJ	0.001
hectojoule	Show source $hJ$	hJ	0.01
decajoule	Show source $daJ$	daJ	0.1
joule	Show source $J$	J	1
decijoule	Show source $dJ$	dJ	10
centijoule	Show source $cJ$	cJ	100
millijoule	Show source $mJ$	mJ	1000
microjoule	Show source $\mu J$	µJ	1000000
nanojoule	Show source $nJ$	nJ	1000000000
picojoule	Show source $pJ$	pJ	1×10¹²
femtojoule	Show source $fJ$	fJ	1×10¹⁵
attojoule	Show source $aJ$	aJ	1×10¹⁸
zeptojoule	Show source $zJ$	zJ	1×10²¹
yoctojoule	Show source $yJ$	yJ	1×10²⁴

british-american

Unit	Symbol	Symbol (plain text)	Value
British thermal unit (thermochemical)	Show source $BTU_{th}$	BTU_th	0.000948452
British thermal unit (ISO)	Show source $BTU_{ISO}$	BTU_ISO	0.000948317
British thermal unit (63 °F)	Show source $BTU_{63^\circ F}$	BTU_{63 °F}	0.000948227
British thermal unit (60 °F)	Show source $BTU_{60^\circ F}$	BTU_{60 °F}	0.000948155
British thermal unit (59 °F)	Show source $BTU_{59^\circ F}$	BTU_{59 °F}	0.000948043
British thermal unit (International Table)	Show source $BTU_{IT}$	BTU_IT	0.000947817
British thermal unit (mean)	Show source $BTU_{mean}$	BTU_mean	0.000947086
British thermal unit (39 °F)	Show source $BTU_{39^\circ F}$	BTU₃₉	0.00094369
cubic foot of atmosphere	Show source $ft^3 \times atm$	cu ft atm; scf	0.000348529
cubic yard of atmosphere	Show source $yd^3 \times atm$	cu yd atm; scy	0.000012908
cubic foot of natural gas	Show source		9.478171203×10^-7
foot-poundal	Show source $\text{ft pdl}$	ft pdl	23.730360404
foot-pound force	Show source $\text{ft lbf}$	ft lbf	0.737562149
gallon-atmosphere (US)	Show source $\text{US gal atm}$	US gal atm	0.002607175
gallon-atmosphere (imperial)	Show source $\text{imp gal atm}$	imp gal atm	0.002170928
inch-pound force	Show source $\text{in lbf}$	in lbf	8.850745791
quad	Show source		9.478171203×10^-19
therm (U.S.)	Show source		9.48043428×10^-9
therm (E.C.)	Show source		9.478171203×10^-9

calories related

Unit	Symbol	Symbol (plain text)	Value
calorie (20 °C)	Show source $cal_{20^\circ C}$	cal_{20 °C}	0.239125756
calorie (thermochemical)	Show source $cal_{th}$	cal_th	0.239005736
calorie (15 °C)	Show source $cal_{15^\circ C}$	cal_{15 °C}	0.238920081
calorie (International Table)	Show source $cal_{IT}$	cal_IT	0.238845897
calorie (mean)	Show source $cal_{mean}$	cal_mean	0.238662345
calorie (3.98 °C)	Show source $cal_{3.98^\circ C}$	cal_{3.98 °C}	0.237840409
kilocalorie	Show source $kcal$	kcal	0.000238846
large calorie	Show source $Cal$	Cal	0.000238846

physical

Unit	Symbol	Symbol (plain text)	Value
atomic unit of energy	Show source $au$	au	2.293712658×10¹⁷
Celsius heat unit (International Table)	Show source $CHU_{IT}$	CHU_IT	0.000526565
cubic centimetre of atmosphere; standard cubic centimetre	Show source $\text{cc atm; scc}$	cc atm; scc	9.869232667
electronvolt	Show source $eV$	eV	6.241511544×10¹⁸
kilojoule per mol	Show source $\frac{kJ}{mol}$	kJ/mol	6.022434489×10²⁰
erg (cgs unit)	Show source $erg$	erg	10000000
litre-atmosphere	Show source $\text{l atm}$	l atm	0.009869233
hartree	Show source $E_h$	E_h	2.293712658×10¹⁷
rydberg	Show source $Ry$	Ry	4.587425317×10¹⁷
thermie	Show source $th$	th	2.388458966×10^-7

time related

Unit	Symbol	Symbol (plain text)	Value
horsepower-hour	Show source $hp \times h$	hp·h	3.72506136×10^-7
watt-second	Show source $W \times s$	W·s	1
watt-hour	Show source $W \times h$	W·h	0.000277778
kilowatt-second	Show source $kW \times s$	kW·s	0.001
kilowatt-hour	Show source $kW \times h$	kW·h	2.777777778×10^-7

materials related

Unit	Symbol	Symbol (plain text)	Value
barrel of oil equivalent	Show source $bboe$	bboe	1.633986928×10^-10
ton of TNT	Show source $tTNT$	tTNT	2.390057361×10^-10
ton of coal equivalent	Show source $TCE$	TCE	3.412084238×10^-11
ton of oil equivalent	Show source $TOE$	TOE	2.388458966×10^-11

Some facts

Energy is the scalar physical quantity expressing the ability to do the work.
Energy is additive. This means that the total energy of the system consisting of the N objects, is the sum of the energy of each of the bodies.
The kinetic energy is work to be done in order to provide the body with mass m, velocity V. It amounts to:

$E_{kin.} = \frac{m \times V^2}{2}$
where:
- $E_{kin.}$ is the kinetic energy,
- $m$ is the mass,
- $V$ is the value of the velocity vector.
The potential energy at the point $\vec{x_0}$ is work to be done to put the body at this point (moving them from infinity).
- There are many different symbols used for potential energy depending on kind of science. Most common are U, V, or simply E_pot..
- Potential energy can be negative. This means that we don't need to perform the work to put the body in the current positions at all, but also it is needed to do the work to corrupt current system. In this case we say that system is in a bound. A good example here are chemical molecules that are associated systems, because we need to do work to break chemical bonds.
- The function $U=f(\vec{x})$ , which assigns value of potential energy to each point x is commonly called potential energy surface. Sometimes, when people want to mark that surface have more than 3 dimensions (degree of freedom), they use term hipersurface. The concept of (hiper)surface of potential energy is widely used for example in quantum chemistry or physics of the atomic nucleus.
There are many forms of energy for example: heat or electrical.
The basic energy unit in SI system is 1J (one jul), so it's the same as unit of work. However, for practical reasons many different units are used depending on kind of science for example:
- elektronovolts (eV) in high-energy physics,
- atomic units (au) in quantum chemistry,
- calories in dietetic,
- horsepower in automotive industry.
The average kinetic energy of single particle divided by the number of degrees of freedom is temperature of the system. Such concepts owe the development of statistical thermodynamics (physics), which made it possible to link the micro state (individual particles level) with macroscopic quantities (such as temperature, pressure). Previously, the concept of micro and macroscopic were independent. It is worth noting that the concept of temperature has only statistical meaning. This means for example that temperature for single particle has no meaning.
One of the fundamental laws of nature is the desire to minimize energy. There are no known causes of this fact, but an enormous amount of physical theory is based on this postulate. Very often the solution to a practical problem boils down to mininimalization energy problem. Examples include:
- Molecular mechanics - the way of finding optimal molecule geometry using clasical Newton dynamic.
- Variational methods - the set of general methods, that searches for wave functions, for which the system gives minimal average energy (formally the average value of the Hamiltonian). Good examples are Hartree-fock equations, which (together with Density Functional Theory - DFT) are the foundations of modern quantum-mechanical calculations.
- Chemical reaction paths - sets of methods trying to search for optimal trace on energy surface.
A common feature of all of the above examples, it is asking "what to do to reach a minimum of energy."
From a mathematical point of view, that are classic optimization problems. Mathematical apparatus that deals with this kind of problem is - depending on whether we are looking for the numbers or functions - calculus or calculus of variations.
If we have the potential energy surface, we can get forces that operate in various points in the system. To do this we need to calculate the energy derivative dE/dx in point. This fact is due to the reversal of the definition of work (integral of the product of the displacement and the applied force). Such a procedure may be used for numerical optimization of the geometry of the system. To do this we need to repeat in loop (as long as there are forces in the system):
- Compute forces working for each particle by computing derivate:
  
  $\vec{F_0} = \frac{\partial{E}}{\partial{\vec{x_0}}}$
- Move particles by computed forces.
Above procedure is widely used in many numerical simulations for example in quantum chemistry.

How to convert

Enter the number to field "value" - enter the NUMBER only, no other words, symbols or unit names. You can use dot (.) or comma (,) to enter fractions.
Examples:
- 1000000
- 123,23
- 999.99999
Find and select your starting unit in field "unit". Some unit calculators have huge number of different units to select from - it's just how complicated our world is...
And... you got the result in the table below. You'll find several results for many different units - we show you all results we know at once. Just find the one you're looking for.

Tags and links to this website

Tags:

energy · cal · kcal · calories · energy_units_converter

Tags to Polish version:

energia · kalorie · konwerter_jednostek_energii

What tags this calculator has

CONVERTER · PHYSICS · A -> Z (all)

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Ancient version of this site - links

"Calculla v1" version of this calculatorIn December 2016 the Calculla website has been republished using new technologies and all calculators have been rewritten. Old version of the Calculla is still available through this link: v1.calculla.com. We left the version 1 of Calculla untouched for archival purposes.
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